Abstract
Current trends in regenerative medicine incorporate additive manufacturing methodologies into producing bone substitute implants from a variety of materials. This chapter provides an overview of compositional, structural, and mechanical requirements for designing bone substitutes, with a focus on load bearing applications for which a heterogeneous porous structure is needed, with varying physical and mechanical characteristics, and complex three-dimensional shape. A review of metallic, bioceramic, and composite materials used for bone substitutes and the corresponding additive manufacturing methodologies is provided, outlining the popularity, benefits, limitations, and opportunities associated with the materials and methodologies.