Abstract
Despite the availability of several new antifungal agents, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) continue to escalate. In the past few years, currently available antifungal chemotherapies have not been optimal, especially for diseases in immunocompromised patients. However, coinciding with the aggressive use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive treatments, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the frequency of severe fungal infections and the diversity of the causal agents have continued to increase until the present day. Hence, there has been increased interest in the use of immunomodulation, primarily with cytokines, as an adjunct to antifungal agents. In this chapter, we endeavor to find the potential role for cytokines and their therapy in treating IFIs, and also mechanisms for synergy between antifungal therapy and immune responses. It is hoped that this will definitely stimulate further discussions and researches on this important aspect.