Abstract
Increasing population and pollution are resulting in the reduction of biological diversity. In addition, several human activities are adversely affecting the natural habitat, thereby reducing biodiversity. For proper biodiversity assessment, accurate species identification is very important. Disagreement among traditional taxonomists often makes species identification based on morphological characters a difficult task. With increasing sophistication, standardized molecular techniques are proving to be an effective means of species identification. Global food security is highly dependent on plant genetic resources. Attacks by invasive alien species (IAS) can have a devastating effect on native biodiversity, thereby causing severe loss of biodiversity. In this chapter, we discuss DNA barcoding in plants, including the super-barcode concept.