Abstract
Ocular fungal infections, or ophthalmic mycoses, are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and blindness; certain types of ophthalmic mycoses may even be life-threatening in particular endogenous and exogenous fungal endophthalmitis. In this chapter, a review of literature is given on the types of common ocular fungal infections, with recent trends in corneal fungal keratitis and factors influencing such infections. Occurrence of both pathogenic and opportunistic fungal pathogens is described for both normal and diseased human eyes. Diagnoses of fungal infection are most critical. Occurrence of such fungi in other habitats, especially in soil and the hospital environment, suggests that soil is the main reservoir of ocular filamentous fungi which may be transmitted to human eyes by different routes.