Abstract
Sustainable oil and fat sources are desired to achieve supply chain flexibility and cost-saving opportunities. Non-conventional fruits are considered because of their constituents unique chemical composition that may augment the supply of nutritional and functional products. Madhuca longifolia Syn. M. indica (family Sapotaceae) is an important economic tree growing throughout the subtropical region of the Indo-Pak. Information concerning the exact composition of mahua (known also as mowrah) butter from fruit-seeds of buttercup or Madhuca tree is still few. Few studies investigated mahua butter for its composition, nutritional value, biological activities and antioxidant traits. This chapter summarizes recent knowledge on bioactive compounds, functional traits as well as food and non-food industrial applications of mahua butter.