Abstract
One of the greatest challenges for the modern world is the ever-increasing demand of energy, which may soon oulsirip the a/noun! of natural resources iliat can be obtained using currently known energy conveiion and energy storage technologies such as solar cells, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and supercapacitors. It appears that the inaxtinuin output efficiencies of these devices have already mached the intrinsic limits of cthnost all electrocatalvst materhils, Hence, it is a high ti/ne to think thout new materiaL architectures by cowroLLing size, shape, and geometry, as well as composition that can potential/v make a significant improvement in the performance of these elecirochemicat devices. Among several known e/ectrocala/ysi materials are nanomateria/s and their composites due to their unique e/ecirica/, mechanical, physical, chemical, and structural characteristics. These materials have opened a whole new territory of possibilities in designing high peiformance energy storage and conversion devices. In this chapieic the authors review the recent progress in energy storage and conversion devices that utilize various nanomaterials and their composite materials and identify juture directions in which the field is likely to develop.