Abstract
Quantum cryptography is a robust field of quantum computation and quantum information that focuses on protecting data secrecy by using properties of quantum-mechanical systems. Over the last few years, quantum cryptography has evolved into an emergent high-tech market with companies capable of delivering off-the-shelf products. This chapter introduces a succinct overview of some fundamental concepts of quantum computation, quantum information protocols and their use on the development of quantum cryptography protocols. Key concepts include quantum key distribution, quantum secret sharing, quantum secure direct communication, and deterministic secure quantum communication.