Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are indispensable in intensive agricultural productions. For decades these compounds served as backbone in insect pest management. Due to persistence and pervasiveness of millions of tonnes of synthetic chemical pesticides applied, almost every ecosystem has received a negative impact. In the present chapter an effort has been made to highlight the environmental contaminations caused by synthetic chemical pesticides, their adverse effects on human health and other non target organisms, the development of resistance in target insect pests, along with the degradation of synthetic pesticides.