Abstract
Near-isotropic radiation pattern and maximum CP coverage in the radiation sphere are desirable features for antennas, particularly for modern applications such as Internet of Things. In this work, we derive conditions through a combination of three dipole model and particle swarm optimization to achieve near isotropic radiation pattern and maximum CP coverage, simultaneously. Based on the developed theoretical model, a 3D antenna-in-package design provides 98% isotropicity in the radiation pattern and a CP coverage of 22.6% over the entire radiation sphere.