Abstract
The Lithium-Ion batteries have found wide employment in several applications. However, batteries are subjected to wide operating ranges in outdoor applications, such as railway transportations, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy systems. Evaluating the behavior and performance batteries in outdoor applications are crucial for techno-economical assessment of these applications. Therefore, this paper presents an advanced multi-disciplinary modelling of Lithium-Ion batteries for outdoor applications. The modelling includes the electrical, thermal, power losses, and lifetime models of batteries. The proposed mathematical models of batteries can play an important role in designing and selecting the battery storage systems. The various effects of operating ambient temperature, charging/discharging currents, and temperature dependency of battery models are considered in the proposed modelling. The proposed modelling is generic, accurate, and capable of compensating operating temperatures of Lithium-Ion batteries. The complete system is modeled and validated for various operating conditions of outdoor applications using practical battery.