Abstract
This paper presents an optimization study for allocating battery energy storage systems (BESS) in unbalanced distribution systems. The paper tackles a problem where there is high penetration of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric vehicle (EV) charging, which may lead to phase imbalance and overload the distribution system. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed for modifying the distribution system by installing BESSs in the network to mitigate the negative effects of EV charging. A robust scenario-based method is adopted to account for the spatio-temporal uncertainty of residential electric vehicle charging, load demand, and PV generation. The optimization problem is solved using an algorithm that combines the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) with a cutting plane procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on the IEEE 123-bus system. Numerical results show that the proposed method can effectively allocate BESSs while considering a large number of scenarios to represent the uncertainty.