Abstract
Surface water Treatment for potable supplies typically involves coagulation, flocculation, Sedimentation, and filtration processes for removing colloidal as well as suspended solids from raw water. All water treatment plants (WTPs) produce waste/residue known as water treatment sludge (WTS) during the purification of raw water. The sludge produced a WTP at Ghaziabad, India is investigated for physical and chemical characteristics. It consist of about 60% fine sand in grain size range 150-75 mu. Silica, alumina, ferric oxide and lime constitute the major percentage of chemical components present in the sludge. Some heavy metals are also found in the sludge. Discharging WTS into river, streams, ponds, lakes, drains etc. or landfilling the dewatered WTS is not environment friendly disposal option. Based on the characteristics, sustainable and profitable disposal through recycling and reuse have been reviewed. Utilization of WTS in brick making, in ceramics making, in the manufacture of cement and cementitious materials and as a substitute to building materials could provide safe disposal route. Reuse in wastewater treatment, in removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions and in nutrient reduction from laden soils and runoffs are also some of the possible alternatives. It is required to explore suitable option for developing sustainable sludge management strategies under stringent environmental norms. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.