Abstract
The integration of energy storage system (ESS) provides various benefits to microgrids such as mitigating renewable generation variability, reducing operation cost, and supporting frequency and voltage control. Two main factors that affect the ESS function in microgrids include the size and the number of the installed ESS units. This paper investigates these two factors and develops a new mathematical model to determine the optimal size and number of the integrated ESS units in a microgrid. The proposed model is further used to perform a comparison between aggregated and distributed ESS configurations. The proposed problem is formulated using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and solved with CPLEX. The viability and effectiveness of the proposed model are validated by numerical simulations.