Abstract
Undoubtedly, utilizing smart detection systems of loose animals crossing highways has become a necessity to reduce the reportedly high number of animal-vehicle accidents worldwide, where some of such accidents are fatal in their nature. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for example, loose camels are the main cause of animal-vehicle accidents, which commonly cause deaths and injuries with lifelong consequences. Loose animals vary from one country to another. For instance, animal-vehicle accidents often involve deer and moose in the USA and cows and elephants in India. Mostly, such accidents occur at nights and in foggy and dusty weathers. Therefore, the mitigation of such phenomenon has become a hot research topic in recent years and as a result variety of detection systems have been proposed. In this paper, a survey of animal-vehicle approaches are presented and compared. Moreover, a number of popular proposed systems are investigated and a study of their advantages and disadvantages are presented. Finally, the challenges for designing a reliable animal detection system are summarized and a proposed model for animal-vehicle collision avoidance system for camels is presented.