Abstract
Indoor navigation systems are increasingly needed for smart cities, robots, and visually impaired people. Although Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used for navigation in numerous applications, it cannot be used for indoor navigation systems as the signals cannot be absorbed by the walls of buildings. As a result, other methods including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and sensors must be used for navigation. This paper analyses the various algorithms used to find the location of objects and algorithms to navigate using the shortest path in an indoor environment. The first section introduces indoor navigation systems, the problem statement of this paper, and the background of such systems. Then, a comprehensive literature review is included that reviews previous research studies conducted in this area. After that, a discussion and analysis of the literature review has been done to classify and compare between the algorithms and techniques studied. Finally, the paper provides directions for future work in the field of indoor navigation.