Abstract
In the upcoming years, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to rise exponentially, due to the increase in oil price and the greenhouse impact associated with its use. We need a convenient opportunity for adapting plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), with the development of powertrain technology. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system allows bidirectional electric power flow from an EV battery to the power grid, which opens a new revenue opportunity for PHEV owners as well as utilities. In a smart-grid environment, the V2G system will be able to provide grid ancillary services, such as load management, peak shaving, regulation, reserve and reduce power generation upgradation cost. In this paper, a quadratic programming (QP) based optimization model is used, which reduces overall grid power for utilities and operate smart charging and discharging schedule for PHEV users. In a V2G system, the outcomes of this model provide the highest power for charging PHEV batteries when electric power is enough to cover PHEV owners' demand, as well as provide power from PHEV batteries to the grid for the peak shaving and load management profiting the power grid.