Abstract
The present experimental investigation describes the impact of surfactants (such as Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), Cetrimonium chloride (CTAC), Ammonium lauryl sulphate (ALS), PLS (Pottasium lauryl sulphate), Brij 700, and Span 80), sonication time (30–240 min.), and temperature (55 °C ~ 80 °C), on the stability and viscosity of hybrid nanoparticle (CeO2 + MWCNT) for different base fluids (water, silicone oil, EG, and therminol VP-I). The results of Zeta potential analysis indicated that BAC surfactant shows the best impact on hybrid nanofluid stability (HNF). The observed optimum sonication time is 60, 120, 90, and 120 min, respectively, for silicon oil, EG, water, and therminol VP-I for which HNF yields maximum zeta potential value. With the increment in operating temperature range, the stability of prepared HNF using different base fluids and adding six different surfactants has decreased. Furthermore, it is found that with the increase in sonication time, the viscosity of HNF firstly decreases up to an optimum time, after which it increases gradually. The rheological behavior of working HNF for various practical applications of the current suspensions is also reported. From 3S analysis such as sonication, surfactant, and stability, De-Ionized (DI) Water is advisable to be used as a base fluid for the particle combination of CeO2 + MWCNT with 80:20 mixture ratio as it provides long-term stability and marginal viscosity enhancement. Finally, results show that the CeO2 + MWCNT (80,20)/ DI water nano colloidal behaves as a Non-Newtonian fluid as there is no linear agreement found between shear stress and shear rate.
[Display omitted]
•The minimum optimal sonication time is 60 min. For silicon oil among all the used different base fluid.•Silicon Oil as a base fluid bears highest value of absolute zeta potential (66 mV).•BAC surfactant shows the best impact on the stability for all different HNF.•HNF CeO2 + MWCNT (80:20)/ DI water behaves like a Non-Newtonian fluid.