Abstract
The efficacy and safety of ramipril were compared with that of digoxin in a prospective, randomized. double-blind, crossover study of 35 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). New York Heart Association (NYHA) grades II to IV, stabilized on diuretic maintenance therapy. Major assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of each 10-week treatment periodprimary efficacy variables were total exercise duration (modified Bruce, treadmill), NYHA grade, and clinical signs and symptoms (by visual analogue score) of heart failure. Twenty-seven patients completed the study. There were two deaths (one on each study drug) and six patient withdrawals (one on ramipril and five on digoxin). Although the NYHA grade was significantly better on ramipril than on digoxin. there were no other important differences in the relief of either signs or symptoms of heart failure. A significant order effect was observed with the exercise testing data and therefore only data in the first active treatment period were analyzed; no significant differences were noted. There were fewer reports of adverse effects,and no clinically significant episodes of hyperkalemia or renal impairment on ramipril. We conclude that ramipril seems to be better tolerated and marginally more effective than digoxin in the management of patients with moderate to severe chronic CHF, stabilized on maintenance diuretic therapy.