Abstract
Renewable energy is an inexhaustible source of energy because it is constantly renewed by natural processes. Renewable energy is derived from natural phenomena mainly sun (radiation), moon (tide) and earth (geothermal). There is also energy generated from the water and the wind. All these renewable mentioned sources are called new energies. Renewable energy technologies transform these natural sources into several forms of usable energy, most often electricity but also heat, chemical and mechanical energies. Renewable energy technologies are called "green" or "clean" because they pollute little or nothing of the entire environment. The use of renewable energy hybrid power plants allows any country to develop its energy independence and security. Nevertheless, these resources are weather and location dependent, leading to the intermittent and randomness of their use for energy production. The hybrid power plant production fluctuates independently from demand, yielding to an energy excess for some power plants while others cannot satisfy their minimal needs. Since the production of renewable energy is expensive due to the high cost of both the installation of renewable energy power plants and the storage devices, the optimal solution is to avail from the produced quantity of this energy by maximizing its use and consequently minimizing its loss. Many attempts have been made in the past decade to enhance, generalise and mainly optimise the use of renewable energy using different technologies, including metaheuristics (Piccolo & Siano, 2009; Senol et al., 2016; Kumawat et al., 2017; Etxeberria et al., 2010; Niknam & Firouzi, 2009; Soroudi, Ehsan & Zareipour, 2011) for an optimal DGs
Fossil fuels are the most used resources mainly to power homes and cars, i.e., in 2017, fossil fuels generated 64.5% of the world electricity. For a country, it is convenient to use coal, oil or gas energy sources to meet its energy needs, but these fuel sources are often limited. In addition, the intensive use of these energies causes dangerous consequences of the environment, mainly the phenomenon climate change (Dincer, 1999; Goldemberg, 2006). The burning of fossil fuels sends greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, polluting air, soil and water while trapping the heat of the sun and contributing to a global warming. Other traditional energies use biomass which designates the organic waste that can become a
Energy is at the basis of any social or economic development. The fossil energy is the most used energy source in the world due to the cheap building cost of the power plants. In 2017, fossil fuels generated 64.5% of the world electricity. Since, on the one hand, these plants produce large amount of carbon dioxide which drives climate change, and on the other hand, the storage of existing world fossil resources is in continuous decrease, safer and highly available energy sources should be considered. Hence, for human well-being, and for a green environment, these fossil plants should be switched to cleaner ones. Renewable energy resources have begun to be used as alternatives. These resources have many advantages such as sustainability and environmental protection. Nevertheless, they require higher investment costs. In addition, the reliability of many planted systems is poor. In most cases these systems are not sufficient to ensure a continuous demand of energy for all in needy regions because most of their resources are climate dependent. The main contributions of this research are (i) to propose a natural formalisation of the renewable energy distribution problem, based on COP (Constraint Optimisation Problem), that takes into consideration all the constraints related to this problem; (u) to propose a novel multi-agent dynamic (A-RESS for Agent based Renewable Energy Sharing System) to solve this problem. The proposed system was implemented and the obtained results show its efficiency and performance in terms of produced, consumed and lost energy.