Abstract
Iatrogenic nerve injury significantly affects surgical outcomes. Although intraoperative neuromonitoring is utilized, nerve identification remains challenging and the success of nerve sparing is strongly correlated with surgeon experience levels. Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) offers a potential solution for improved nerve sparing by providing direct visualization of nerve tissue intraoperatively. However, novel probes for FGS face a long regulatory pathway to achieve clinical translation. Herein, we report on the development of a clinically-viable, gel-based formulation that enables direct administration of nerve-specific probes for nerve sparing FGS applications, facilitating clinical translation via the exploratory investigational new drug (eIND) guidance. The developed formulation possesses unique gelling characteristics, allowing it to be easily spread as a liquid followed by rapid gelling for subsequent tissue hold. Optimization of the direct administration protocol with our gel-based formulation enabled a total staining time of 1-2 min for compatibility with surgical procedures and successful clinical translation.