Abstract
Localisation of sensors in underwater internet of things (UIoTs) is difficult due to the mobility. This changing makes the routing decisions difficult, which results in unreliable communication. This paper proposes adaptive transmission-based geographic and opportunistic routing (ATGOR) protocol for reliable communication between nodes. ATGOR operates in two parts: election of a small cube to avoid redundant transmissions and selection of reliable nodes which forward data from the selected small cube for optimal transmissions. Furthermore, to guarantee the reliability of the data packets in a harsh acoustic environment, we propose mobility aware ATGOR (MA-ATGOR), which predicts the locations of neighbouring sensor nodes for successful data delivery. In addition, prediction of tthe locations of the sensor nodes helps in avoiding the void holes along with high packet delivery. The performance of the proposed routing protocols is validated based on the PDR, number of void nodes and energy consumption per packet, through simulations.