Abstract
Sand particles featuring great refractoriness, chemical stability, strength, and high permeability, which are monitored at high temperature, are the most common utilized material for shape making. In casting process, the material is first liquefied by heating and then poured into a priori prepared mold cavity where casting is solidified. The cast is then taken out, cleaned, and formulated to the desired shape. In general, there are different types of casting defects such as surface, internal, and visible defects. However, the shapes and properties of sand particles have a great effect on the quality of casted parts. Nevertheless, other critical factors contribute to the causes of defects such as design of mold, pattern, and core, in addition to metal composition, melting, pouring, and gating system. In this paper, the effects of ceramic sand particles on most casting defects are reviewed and discussed in details.