Abstract
This paper focused on the analysis of energy systems based on different options of energy storage comprising the battery and the hydrogen fuel cell. Three different systems have been considered for this analysis. The comparative analysis based on a double objective optimization using firefly algorithm revealed that, the COE corresponding to a LPSP of 0% for PV/Battery, PV/FC and PV/Battery/FC systems are respectively 0.255 €/kWh, 0.482 €/kWh, and 0.461 €/kWh. The economic analysis has shown that, the Fuel cell is the costly component when considering the integration of hydrogen storage into an energy supply system. Thus improving the efficiency of the fuel cell could considerably reduce the COE of the energy systems based hydrogen storage integrated. Based on the load profile, the obtained results have shown that the main part of the load energy consumed is supplied throughout the energy storage system, for all the three energy system configurations considered in the present work. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the project lifetime and the discount rate, are the parameters that mostly influence the COE. The PV/FC and the PV/Battery/FC systems could be economically more profitable than the PV/Battery system when reducing the energy storage devices cost to at least 95%.
•Hydrogen FC energy storage is more expensive than the Battery energy storage.•Hybrid Battery/FC could reduce the COE of energy system based FC by 4.36%.•PV/FC and PV/Batt/FC are competitive when reducing H2 storage cost by minimum 95%.•Improving the efficiency of fuel cell could significantly reduce the system COE.•Load demand variation highly influences the NPC, but weakly influences the COE.