Abstract
Background: Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infections (UTIs) that can cause severe systemic troublesome manifestations. Untreated cases of pyelonephritis can let the inflammation damage the renal pelvis and its parenchyma. Besides, untreated infections may lead to sepsis, which can increase the rate of mortality. Objective: To study the published literature and provide an adequate review of evaluating and managing pyelonephritis properly. Method: PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the following keys were used in the mesh (("Pyelonephritis"[Mesh]) AND ("management" [Mesh]) OR ("evaluation"[Mesh])).Conclusion: There is a wide range of possibilities regarding the clinical course of pyelonephritis as it ranges from only mild symptoms to emphysematous pyelonephritis with a fulminant course. The diagnosis of pyelonephritis should depend on clinical findings as well as laboratory values. Imaging is also needed in order to properly treat the true nature of the disease. The mainstay of UTIs treatment is antibiotics. Choosing the proper antibiotic is a difficult challenge facing the physician. Hydration is also cardinal in managing UTIs especially when there is an association between dehydration and the condition. Copyright (C) 2013 - All Rights Reserved - Pharmacophore