Abstract
Abstract only
Introduction:
According to the world health organization, an estimated 1.13 billion individuals worldwide have hypertension (HT). However, limited studies discussed the risk prediction for incident HT. We aim to evaluate the incidence of HT and identify its risk factors in urban Japanese residents.
Methods:
We followed up 4,314 normotensive participants at the baseline survey. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice in the sitting position under rest. The participants have continued to visit the center every two years for regular health check-ups and all of them gave informed consent. The BP categories were defined by the ESC/ESH Guidelines. Cox regression model was used to detect HT's risks by cardiovascular risk factors.
Results:
During the mean follow-up period of 17.6 years, 25.8 per 1000 person-years of participants developed HT (optimal 16.7, normal 30.7, and elevated BPs 43.5 per 1000 person-years, respectively). The adjusted hazards ratio (HRs, 95% CIs) for developing HT for age groups in the 40s (HR=1.34, 95% CI=1.14 - 1.58), 50s (1.73, 1.47 - 2.04), 60s (2.26, 1.91 - 2.68), and 70s (2.95, 2.41 - 3.61), normal BP (2.23, 1.98 - 2.50), elevated BP (4.25, 3.78 - 4.76), smoking > 10 cig/d (1.21, 1.05 - 1.40), never drinking alcohol 1.22 (1.07 - 1.40), drinking alcohol ≥ 4 units/day 1.36 (1.15 - 1.60), parental history of HT (1.18, 1.03 - 1.34), fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dL (1.39, 1.10 - 1.76), and chronic kidney disease (1.15, 1.02 -1.29) in the normotensive population.
Conclusion:
The incident and risk factors for developing HT were firstly shown in Japan. The study emphasizes the importance of controlling the risk factors for incident HT as primary prevention.