Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study

Mustafa Alsahab; Lucy Beishon; Bryony Brown; Elinor Burn; Jenni K. Burton; Natalie Cox; Melanie Dani; Muhammed Elhadi; Sarah Freshwater; Victoria Gaunt; Adam Gordon; Marie Goujon; Matthew Hale; Terry Hughes; Thomas A. Jackson; Benjamin Jelley; Asma Khan; Heena Khiroya; Rajni Lal; Katy Madden; Laura Magill; Jane Masoli; Tahir Masud; Lauren McCluskey; Natalie McNeela; Awolkhier Mohammedseid-Nurhussien; Hannah Moorey; Mary Ni Lochlainn; Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar; Kelvin Okoth; Christopher N. Osuafor; Katherine Patterson; Grace M. E. Pearson; Rita Perry; Michala Pettitt; Jennifer Pigott; Thomas Pinkney; Terence Quinn; Abigail Reynolds; Sarah Richardson; Nik Sanyal; Adam Seed; Isobel Sleeman; Chee Soo; Claire Steves; W. David Strain; Joanne Taylor; Kelli Torsney; Carly Welch; Daisy Wilson; Miles Witham; Hossam Aldein S. Abd Elazeem; Mohammed H. Abdelhafez; Amir Abdelmalak; Omar A. Abdelwahab; Osama M. A. S. Abdulhadi; Olubayode Adewole; Mohammed Ahmad; Eltayeb A. Ahmed; Hazem Ahmed; Islam A. Ahmed; Mertcan Akcay; Carolyn Akladious; Francesco Alessandri; Ali Ali; Abdulmalek Aljafari; Abdulmoiz Aljafari; Mohammed Al-Sadawi; Lobna Al-Sodani; Fatih Altintoprak; Gitanjali Amaratungaz; Jocelyn Amer; Sylvia Amini; Taha Amir; Cheran Anandarajah; Rachael Anders; Muhammed H. Ansari; Kingsley Appiah; Jolene Atia; Catherine Atkin; Avinash Aujayeb; Elsayed M. Awad; Mohammed A. Azab; Mohammad T. Azam; Sally Aziz; Ahmed Y. Azzam; Laxmi Babar; Laura Babb; Manpreet Badh; Clare Baguneid; Emily Bailey; Efstratia Baili; Sarah Baldwin; Ioannis Baloyiannis; Moulinath Bannerjee; Anna Barnard; Fabio Barra; Hannah Bashir; Monica Bawor; Zulfu Bayhan; James Belcher; Ravindra Belgamwar; Corrina Bentley; Amy Birchenough; Yen Nee J. Bo; Hayley R. Boden; Ahmad Bouhuwaish; Gioia Brachini; Laura Bremner; Hannah Bridgwater; Catherine Bryant; Gabrielle Budd; Sharon Budd; Adam Budzikoski; Reem Bulla; Antonio Buondonno; Nicole Burden; Hejab Butt; Recayi Capoglu; Andra Caracostea; Rifa Cardoso; Alexis Carr; Milagros Carrasco-Prats; Caterina Cattel; Giancarlo Ceccarelli; Giuseppe Cecere; Alexandros Charalabopoulos; Evelyn Charsley; Hannah Cheney-Lowe; Theodore Chevallier; Asad J. Choudhry; Flavia Ciccarone; Pierfranco M. Cicerchia; Bruno Cirillo; Fatma D. Collins; Victoria Comerford; Ahmed Cordie; Siobhan Coulter; Nick Coulthard; Catrin Cox; Victoria Cox; Andrew Crowe; Jack Cullen; Jean Cummings; Niamh Cunningham; Daniel Curley; Hannah Currie; Madeleine Daly; Jay Darley; Nikhita Dattani; Spyridon Davakis; Rowan Davies; Gilda De Paola; Giorgio De Toma; Sergio Del Valle-Ruiz; Benyamin Deldar; Hakan Demir; Arjun Desai; Nirali Desai; Alice Devaney; Lindsey Dew; Jugdeep Dhesi; Maria Dias; Gordon Dick; Parveen Doddamani; Gurinder Dogra; Tina Doll; Hannah C. Dooley; Samiullah Dost; Catherine Dotchin; Hannah Dowell; Ioan M. Draghita; James M. Dundas; Giulia Duranti; Hiren Dusara; Rajesh Dwivedi; Adam H. Dyer; Alison Eastaugh; Elinor Edwards; Shrouk M. Elghazaly; Ahmed O. Elmehrath; Hope Elrick; Mostafa El-Shazly; Alexander Emery; Eric W. Etchill; Sarah Evans; Felicity Evison; Cassandra Fairhead; Margherita Faulkner; Agnieszka Felska; Antia Fernandez; Pedro Fernandez-Fernandez; Antonella Ferraiolo; Simone Ferrero; Enrico Fiori; Necattin Firat; Gracie Fisk; Anna Fleck; Giovanni B. Fonsi; Alodia Gabre-Kidan; Gaetano Gallo; Ratnam Gandhi; Madeleine Garner; Nikolaos Georgiou; Hannah Gerretsen; Nourhan A. A. Ghannam; Andrew Ghobrial; Hedra Ghobrial; Zaynub Ghufoor; Jake Gibbon; Georgia F. Gilbert; Marie Giles; Clara Gimenez-Frances; Emre Gonullu; Amy Gray; Joshua H. Gray; Deirdre Green; Charlotte Greene; Ellanna Griffin; Karla Griffith; Anthony Grubb; Yue Guan; Daniel N. Guerero; Ayushi Gupta; Claudio Gustavino; Laurenny Guzman; Ahmed K. M. Hadreiez; Jiannis Hajiioannou; Deevia Hanji; Deepthy Hari Madhavan; Patrick Harrison; Barbara Hart; Aidan Haslam; Victoria Haunton; Elliott R. Haut; Torben Heinsohn; Lindsay Hennah; Helal F. Hetta; Alexander Hickman; Abigail Hobill; Patrick C. P. Hogan; Vesna Hogan; Elizabeth Holmes; Katie Honney; Katharine Hood; Katherine Hopkinson; Lara Howells; Nicole Hrouda; Danielle Hunsley; William Hurst; Rand A. Hussein; Mohamed Eltaher A. A. Ibrahim; Ishmam Ibtida; Aina Ibukunoluwakitan; Irem Ishlek; Rishi Iyer; Karl Jackson; Rosie Jackson; Ellen James; Hayley Jarvis; Sophie Jeffs; Nathan Jenko; Sasha Jeyakumar; Shahriar Kabir; Harjinder Kainth; Jason Kalloo; Akhil Kanzaria; Amalia Karapanou; Nuha Kardaman; Sandeep Karthikeyan; Anne Karunatilleke; Mairead Kelly; Nicola Kelly; Hesham Khalid; Haris Khan; Muhammad S. Khan; Matthew King; Thomas Kneen; Li Kok; Chiara Kratochwila; Aneliya Kuzeva; Pierfrancesco Lapolla; Rebecca Lau; Kar Yee Law; Aimee Leadbetter; Gabriel Lee; Helena Lee; Gavriella Levinson; Grace Lewis; Theodore Liakakos; Stephen Lim; Danielle Lis; Emma Livesey; Pedro Lopez-Morales; Lily Lowes; Eleanor Lunt; Emily Lyon; Suvira Madan; Zeinab Majid; Harsha Malapati; Jade Man; Baguiasri Mandane; Sarah H. Manning; Baris Mantoglu; Nuria Martinez-Sanz; William Marx; Almontacer E. B. Masood; Tom Maughan; Jamie Mawhinney; Dominic Maxfield; Jordan Mayer; Henry Maynard; Claire McDonald; Aine McGovern; Sophie Mclachlan; Esther Medina-Manuel; Simona Meneghini; Michelle Metcalf; John Millwood-Hargrave; Andrea Mingoli; Kelvin Miu; Fawsiya Mohamed; Soha M. Mohamed; Aliae A. R. Mohamed Hussein; Abdulkader Mohammad; Aaliya Mohammed; Ahmed A. Momen; Farhana Moomo; Ismael Mora-Guzman; Lizzie Moriarty; Hamilton Morrin; Claire Morris; Nicholas Moss; Mohamed M. Moustafa; Maria Mpoura; Mohammed Mubin; Ali Muhtaroglu; Georgina Muir; Stephanie Mulhern; Daniel Muller; Declan C. Murphy; Bushra Muzammil; Varun Nadkarni; Mariam Albatoul Nageh; Yasmin K. NasrEldin; Wasim Nawaz; Hanna Nguyen; Cliona Ni Cheallaigh; Alexander Noar; Samuel North; Favour Nwolu; Alice O'Docherty; Omoteniola Odutola; Sinead O'Dwyer; Olebu Ogochukwu; Catherine O'Mahony; Lia Orlando; Marc Osterdahl; Christina Page; Ismini Panayotidis; Shivam Pancholi; Jessica Parkin; Lauren C. Passby; Patricia Pastor-Perez; Harnish Patel; Shefali Patel; Rose Penfold; Rupini Perinpanathan; Konstantinos Perivoliotis; Teresa Perra; Martha Pinkney; Enrico Pinotti; Alberto Porcu; Angeline Price; Francesco Pugliese; Prabhleen Puri; Sylvia Pytraczyk; Yusra Qaiser; Maria Qurashi; Dina Radenkovic; Thurkka Rajeswaran; Sarah F. Rapaport; Tahmina Razzak; Lara Reilly; Paul Reynolds; Alexandra Richardson; Amelia Roberts; Charlotte Roberts-Rhodes; Tanya Robinson; Aldo Rocca; Emily Ross-Skinner; Miguel Ruiz-Marin; Rebecca Ryall; Alshaimaa M. Saad; Mahmoud M. Saad; Ambreen Sadiq; Giuseppe Sammarco; Michail A. Sampanis; Hazel Sanghvi; Paolo Sapienza; Ross Sayers; Luca Scott; Michael Sen; Mosab A. A. Shaban; Kathleen T. Shakespeare; Ellie Shaw; Hannah Shaw; Jonathan Sheldrake; Sing Yang Sim; Luigi Simonelli; Nikolaos Sipsas; Jarita Sivam; Sri Sivarajan; Jennifer Smith; Fabio Speranza; Claire Spice; Amanda Stafford; Katharine Stambollouian; Kent A. Stevens; Jack Stewart; Emma Stratton; Hannah Street; Michael Surtees; Emma Swinnerton; Ahmed S. A. Taher; Caroline Tait; Amybel Taylor; Miriam Thake; Katie Thin; Hannah Thould; Thyn Thyn; Benjaman To; Hannah Tobiss; Kathryn Toppley; Liam Townsend; Ellen Tullo; George Tzovaras; Anthony Umeadi; Hrisheekesh Vaidya; Maria Valero-Soriano; Rosanna Varden; Vittoria Vergani; Dominique Vervoort; Giuseppina Vescio; Mark Vettasseri; Madiha Virk; Vaishali Vyas; Joanne Wagland; Stephanie Wallis; Chloe Warner; Eleanor Watkins; Hannah Watson; Rachael Webb; Sarah H. Welsh; Ruth West; Elisha Whelan; Julie Whitney; Mark Whitsey; Catherine Wilcock; Iain Wilkinson; David Williams; Megan Williamson; Ruth H. Willott; Mettha Wimalasundera; Yu Lelt Win; Laura Winter; Stephanie Worrall; Rebecca Wright; Natalie Yeo; Eirene Yeung; Merve Yigit; Yasin A. Yildiz; Humza Yusuf; Martina Zambon; Hein Zaw; Omar Zein Elabedeen; Collaborative, GMR

doi:10.1093/ageing/afab026

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Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study

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Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study

Mustafa Alsahab, Lucy Beishon, Bryony Brown, Elinor Burn, Jenni K. Burton, Natalie Cox, Melanie Dani, Muhammed Elhadi, Sarah Freshwater, Victoria Gaunt, …

Age and ageing, Vol.50(3), pp.617-630

05/05/2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab026

PMID: 33543243

Abstract

Geriatrics & Gerontology

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Science & Technology

Introduction: Increased mortality has been demonstrated in older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the effect of frailty has been unclear. Methods: This multi-centre cohort study involved patients aged 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID-19, using routinely collected data. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the impact of age, frailty and delirium on the risk of inpatient mortality, adjusting for sex, illness severity, inflammation and co-morbidities. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of age, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and delirium on risk of increased care requirements on discharge, adjusting for the same variables. Results: Data from 5,711 patients from 55 hospitals in 12 countries were included (median age 74, interquartile range [IQR] 54-83; 55.2% male). The risk of death increased independently with increasing age (>80 versus 18-49: hazard ratio [HR] 3.57, confidence interval [CI] 2.54-5.02), frailty (CFS 8 versus 1-3: HR 3.03, CI 2.29-4.00) inflammation, renal disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer, but not delirium. Age, frailty (CFS 7 versus 1-3: odds ratio 7.00, CI 5.27-9.32), delirium, dementia and mental health diagnoses were all associated with increased risk of higher care needs on discharge. The likelihood of adverse outcomes increased across all grades of CFS from 4 to 9. Conclusion: Age and frailty are independently associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Risk of increased care needs was also increased in survivors of COVID-19 with frailty or older age.

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Title: Age and frailty are independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality and increased care needs in survivors: results of an international multi-centre study
Creators - without role: Mustafa Alsahab - University of Oxford
Lucy Beishon - University of Leicester
Bryony Brown - Bradford Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Bradford, W Yorkshire, England
Elinor Burn - Univ Hosp Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, Leics, England
Jenni K. Burton - University of Glasgow
Natalie Cox - University of Southampton
Melanie Dani - Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England
Muhammed Elhadi - Alkhadra Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
Sarah Freshwater - Hlth Educ West Midlands, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Victoria Gaunt - Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Fdn Trust, Gloucester, England
Adam Gordon - University of Nottingham
Marie Goujon - University of Cambridge
Matthew Hale - Bradford Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Bradford, W Yorkshire, England
Terry Hughes - University of Birmingham
Thomas A. Jackson - University of Birmingham
Benjamin Jelley - Cardiff University
Asma Khan - Sandwell & West Birmingham Hosp NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Heena Khiroya - Univ Hosp Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Rajni Lal - Western Sydney Sydney Hlth Dist, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Katy Madden - Univ Hosp Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Laura Magill - University of Birmingham
Jane Masoli - University of Exeter
Tahir Masud - Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham, England
Lauren McCluskey - University of Birmingham
Natalie McNeela - The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Awolkhier Mohammedseid-Nurhussien - Coventry
Hannah Moorey - University of Birmingham
Mary Ni Lochlainn - Kings Coll London, London, England
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar - University of Birmingham
Kelvin Okoth - University of Birmingham
Christopher N. Osuafor - University of Cambridge
Katherine Patterson - Queens University
Grace M. E. Pearson - University of Bristol
Rita Perry - University of Birmingham
Michala Pettitt - University of Birmingham
Jennifer Pigott - The Royal Free Hospital
Thomas Pinkney - University of Birmingham
Terence Quinn - University of Glasgow
Abigail Reynolds
Sarah Richardson - Univ Newcastle, NIHR Newcastle Biomed Res Ctr, AGE Res Grp, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Nik Sanyal - Univ Hosp Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Adam Seed - Southport & Ormskirk Hosp NHS Trust, Southport, England
Isobel Sleeman - NHS Grampian
Chee Soo - Maidstone & Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, Kent, England
Claire Steves - Kings Coll London, London, England
W. David Strain - University of Exeter
Joanne Taylor - University of Manchester
Kelli Torsney - University of Cambridge
Carly Welch - University of Birmingham
Daisy Wilson - University of Birmingham
Miles Witham - Univ Newcastle, NIHR Newcastle Biomed Res Ctr, AGE Res Grp, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Hossam Aldein S. Abd Elazeem - Assiut University
Mohammed H. Abdelhafez - Assiut University
Amir Abdelmalak - College Station Medical Center
Omar A. Abdelwahab - Alazher Univ Hosp, Cairo, Egypt
Osama M. A. S. Abdulhadi - Alkhadra Hosp, Tripoli, Libya
Olubayode Adewole - Queens Hosp Romford, Romford, Essex, England
Mohammed Ahmad - College Station Medical Center
Eltayeb A. Ahmed - Sharq Alneel Hosp, Oxford, England
Hazem Ahmed - Alkhadra Hosp, Tripoli, Libya
Islam A. Ahmed - Assiut University
Mertcan Akcay - College Station Medical Center
Carolyn Akladious - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Francesco Alessandri - Sapienza University of Rome
Ali Ali - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Abdulmalek Aljafari - Sharq Alneel Hosp, Oxford, England
Abdulmoiz Aljafari - Sharq Alneel Hosp, Oxford, England
Mohammed Al-Sadawi - SUNY Downstate Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY USA
Lobna Al-Sodani - Salford Royal Hosp, Salford, Lancs, England
Fatih Altintoprak - College Station Medical Center
Gitanjali Amaratungaz - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Jocelyn Amer - Sunderland Royal Hosp, Sunderland, Durham, England
Sylvia Amini - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Taha Amir - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Cheran Anandarajah - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Rachael Anders - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Muhammed H. Ansari - College Station Medical Center
Kingsley Appiah - College Station Medical Center
Jolene Atia - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Catherine Atkin - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Avinash Aujayeb - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Elsayed M. Awad - Alazher Univ Hosp, Cairo, Egypt
Mohammed A. Azab - Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports
Mohammad T. Azam - SUNY Upstate Univ Hosp, Syracuse, NY USA
Sally Aziz - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Ahmed Y. Azzam - Alazher Univ Hosp, Cairo, Egypt
Laxmi Babar - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Laura Babb - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Manpreet Badh - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Clare Baguneid - Royal Derby Hosp, Derby, England
Emily Bailey - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Efstratia Baili - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Sarah Baldwin - Royal Victoria Infirmary
Ioannis Baloyiannis - Gen Univ Hosp Larissa, Larisa, Greece
Moulinath Bannerjee - Royal Bolton Hosp, Bolton, England
Anna Barnard - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Fabio Barra - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Hannah Bashir - Royal Victoria Infirmary
Monica Bawor - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Zulfu Bayhan - College Station Medical Center
James Belcher - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Ravindra Belgamwar - North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust
Corrina Bentley - North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust
Amy Birchenough - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Yen Nee J. Bo - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Hayley R. Boden - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Ahmad Bouhuwaish - College Station Medical Center
Gioia Brachini - Sapienza University of Rome
Laura Bremner - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Hannah Bridgwater - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Catherine Bryant - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Gabrielle Budd - Royal Derby Hosp, Derby, England
Sharon Budd - Coventry
Adam Budzikoski - SUNY Downstate Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY USA
Reem Bulla - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Antonio Buondonno - University of Molise
Nicole Burden - Salford Royal Hosp, Salford, Lancs, England
Hejab Butt - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Recayi Capoglu - College Station Medical Center
Andra Caracostea - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Rifa Cardoso - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Alexis Carr - Phillips Exeter Academy
Milagros Carrasco-Prats - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Caterina Cattel - Princess Royal Hosp, Kings Coll Hosp Trust, Surrey, England
Giancarlo Ceccarelli - Sapienza University of Rome
Giuseppe Cecere - University of Molise
Alexandros Charalabopoulos - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Evelyn Charsley - Salford Royal Hosp, Salford, Lancs, England
Hannah Cheney-Lowe - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Theodore Chevallier - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Asad J. Choudhry - SUNY Upstate Univ Hosp, Syracuse, NY USA
Flavia Ciccarone - Sapienza University of Rome
Pierfranco M. Cicerchia - Sapienza University of Rome
Bruno Cirillo - Sapienza University of Rome
Fatma D. Collins - Coventry
Victoria Comerford - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Ahmed Cordie - Cairo University
Siobhan Coulter - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Gateshead, Gateshead, England
Nick Coulthard - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Catrin Cox - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Victoria Cox - Barnsley Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Barnsley, England
Andrew Crowe - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Jack Cullen - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Jean Cummings - Royal Bolton Hosp, Bolton, England
Niamh Cunningham - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Daniel Curley - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Hannah Currie - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Madeleine Daly - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Jay Darley - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Nikhita Dattani - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Spyridon Davakis - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Rowan Davies - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Kings Lynn, Kings Lynn, England
Gilda De Paola - Magna Graecia University
Giorgio De Toma - Sapienza University of Rome
Sergio Del Valle-Ruiz - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Benyamin Deldar - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Hakan Demir - College Station Medical Center
Arjun Desai - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Nirali Desai - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Alice Devaney - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Lindsey Dew - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Jugdeep Dhesi - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Maria Dias - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Gordon Dick - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Parveen Doddamani - Leicester Royal Infirmar, Leicester, Leics, England
Gurinder Dogra - South Tyneside Dist Hosp, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, England
Tina Doll - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Hannah C. Dooley - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Samiullah Dost - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Catherine Dotchin - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Hannah Dowell - Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth, Hants, England
Ioan M. Draghita - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
James M. Dundas - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Giulia Duranti - Sapienza University of Rome
Hiren Dusara - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Rajesh Dwivedi - College Station Medical Center
Adam H. Dyer - St James Hosp, Dublin, Ireland
Alison Eastaugh - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Elinor Edwards - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Shrouk M. Elghazaly - Assiut University
Ahmed O. Elmehrath - Cairo University
Hope Elrick - College Station Medical Center
Mostafa El-Shazly - Cairo University
Alexander Emery - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Eric W. Etchill - Johns Hopkins University
Sarah Evans - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Felicity Evison - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Cassandra Fairhead
Margherita Faulkner - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Agnieszka Felska - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Antia Fernandez - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Pedro Fernandez-Fernandez - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Antonella Ferraiolo - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Simone Ferrero - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Enrico Fiori - Sapienza University of Rome
Necattin Firat - College Station Medical Center
Gracie Fisk - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Anna Fleck - Glasgow Royal Infirmary
Giovanni B. Fonsi - Sapienza University of Rome
Alodia Gabre-Kidan - Johns Hopkins University
Gaetano Gallo - Magna Graecia University
Ratnam Gandhi - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Madeleine Garner - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Nikolaos Georgiou - Tunbridge Wells Hosp, Tunbridge Wells, England
Hannah Gerretsen - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Nourhan A. A. Ghannam - Minya Gen Hosp, Al Minya, Egypt
Andrew Ghobrial - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Hedra Ghobrial - College Station Medical Center
Zaynub Ghufoor - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Jake Gibbon - Royal Victoria Infirmary
Georgia F. Gilbert - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Marie Giles - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Clara Gimenez-Frances - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Emre Gonullu - College Station Medical Center
Amy Gray - Royal Victoria Infirmary
Joshua H. Gray - Johns Hopkins University
Deirdre Green - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Charlotte Greene - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Ellanna Griffin - Coventry
Karla Griffith - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Anthony Grubb - The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Yue Guan - Coventry
Daniel N. Guerero - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Ayushi Gupta - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Claudio Gustavino - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Laurenny Guzman - Princess Royal Hosp, Kings Coll Hosp Trust, Surrey, England
Ahmed K. M. Hadreiez - Alkhadra Hosp, Tripoli, Libya
Jiannis Hajiioannou - Gen Univ Hosp Larissa, Larisa, Greece
Deevia Hanji - Coventry
Deepthy Hari Madhavan - Birmingham Heartlands Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Patrick Harrison - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Barbara Hart - Royal Bolton Hosp, Bolton, England
Aidan Haslam - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Victoria Haunton - Leicester Royal Infirmar, Leicester, Leics, England
Elliott R. Haut - Johns Hopkins University
Torben Heinsohn - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Lindsay Hennah - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Helal F. Hetta - Assiut University
Alexander Hickman - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Abigail Hobill - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Patrick C. P. Hogan - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Vesna Hogan - East Surrey Hosp, Surrey, England
Elizabeth Holmes - The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Katie Honney - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Kings Lynn, Kings Lynn, England
Katharine Hood - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Katherine Hopkinson - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Lara Howells - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Nicole Hrouda - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Danielle Hunsley - Barnsley Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Barnsley, England
William Hurst - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Rand A. Hussein - Zafaraniyah Gen Hosp, Zafaraniyah, Iraq
Mohamed Eltaher A. A. Ibrahim - Assiut University
Ishmam Ibtida - SUNY Downstate Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY USA
Aina Ibukunoluwakitan - Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth, Hants, England
Irem Ishlek - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Rishi Iyer - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Karl Jackson - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Rosie Jackson - College Station Medical Center
Ellen James - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Hayley Jarvis - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Sophie Jeffs - College Station Medical Center
Nathan Jenko - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Sasha Jeyakumar - College Station Medical Center
Shahriar Kabir - Leicester Royal Infirmar, Leicester, Leics, England
Harjinder Kainth - The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Jason Kalloo - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Akhil Kanzaria - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Amalia Karapanou - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Nuha Kardaman - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Sandeep Karthikeyan - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Anne Karunatilleke - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Mairead Kelly - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Nicola Kelly - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Hesham Khalid - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Haris Khan - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Muhammad S. Khan - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Matthew King - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Thomas Kneen - Salford Royal Hosp, Salford, Lancs, England
Li Kok - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Chiara Kratochwila - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Aneliya Kuzeva - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Pierfrancesco Lapolla - Sapienza University of Rome
Rebecca Lau - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Kar Yee Law - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Aimee Leadbetter - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Gabriel Lee - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Helena Lee - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Gavriella Levinson - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Grace Lewis - Royal Victoria Infirmary
Theodore Liakakos - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Stephen Lim - Southampton Gen Hosp, Southampton, Hants, England
Danielle Lis - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Emma Livesey - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Pedro Lopez-Morales - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Lily Lowes - Coventry
Eleanor Lunt - College Station Medical Center
Emily Lyon - Sunderland Royal Hosp, Sunderland, Durham, England
Suvira Madan - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Zeinab Majid - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Harsha Malapati - Johns Hopkins University
Jade Man - Tunbridge Wells Hosp, Tunbridge Wells, England
Baguiasri Mandane - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Sarah H. Manning - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Baris Mantoglu - College Station Medical Center
Nuria Martinez-Sanz - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
William Marx - SUNY Upstate Univ Hosp, Syracuse, NY USA
Almontacer E. B. Masood - Alazher Univ Hosp, Cairo, Egypt
Tom Maughan - Royal Bolton Hosp, Bolton, England
Jamie Mawhinney - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Dominic Maxfield - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Jordan Mayer - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Henry Maynard - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Claire McDonald - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Gateshead, Gateshead, England
Aine McGovern - Glasgow Royal Infirmary
Sophie Mclachlan - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Esther Medina-Manuel - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Simona Meneghini - Sapienza University of Rome
Michelle Metcalf - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
John Millwood-Hargrave - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Andrea Mingoli - Sapienza University of Rome
Kelvin Miu - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Fawsiya Mohamed - Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth, Hants, England
Soha M. Mohamed - Assiut University
Aliae A. R. Mohamed Hussein - Assiut University
Abdulkader Mohammad - Sharq Alneel Hosp, Oxford, England
Aaliya Mohammed - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Ahmed A. Momen - Alkhadra Hosp, Tripoli, Libya
Farhana Moomo - Coventry
Ismael Mora-Guzman - CIUDAD
Lizzie Moriarty - Royal Derby Hosp, Derby, England
Hamilton Morrin - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Claire Morris - South Tyneside Dist Hosp, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, England
Nicholas Moss - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Mohamed M. Moustafa - Assiut University
Maria Mpoura - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Mohammed Mubin - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Ali Muhtaroglu - College Station Medical Center
Georgina Muir - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Gateshead, Gateshead, England
Stephanie Mulhern - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Daniel Muller - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Declan C. Murphy - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Bushra Muzammil - College Station Medical Center
Varun Nadkarni - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Mariam Albatoul Nageh - Assiut University
Yasmin K. NasrEldin - Minia University
Wasim Nawaz - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Hanna Nguyen - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Cliona Ni Cheallaigh - St James Hosp, Dublin, Ireland
Alexander Noar - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Samuel North - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Favour Nwolu - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Alice O'Docherty - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Omoteniola Odutola - Royal Derby Hosp, Derby, England
Sinead O'Dwyer - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Olebu Ogochukwu - Coventry
Catherine O'Mahony - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Gateshead, Gateshead, England
Lia Orlando - Southampton Gen Hosp, Southampton, Hants, England
Marc Osterdahl - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Christina Page - Royal Victoria Infirmary
Ismini Panayotidis - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Shivam Pancholi - University of Nicosia
Jessica Parkin - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Lauren C. Passby - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Patricia Pastor-Perez - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Harnish Patel - Southampton Gen Hosp, Southampton, Hants, England
Shefali Patel - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Rose Penfold - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Rupini Perinpanathan - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Konstantinos Perivoliotis - Gen Univ Hosp Larissa, Larisa, Greece
Teresa Perra - Clin San Pietro, A O U, Sassari, Italy
Martha Pinkney - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Enrico Pinotti - Policlinico San Pietro, San Pietro, Italy
Alberto Porcu - Clin San Pietro, A O U, Sassari, Italy
Angeline Price - Salford Royal Hosp, Salford, Lancs, England
Francesco Pugliese - Sapienza University of Rome
Prabhleen Puri - Southampton Gen Hosp, Southampton, Hants, England
Sylvia Pytraczyk - College Station Medical Center
Yusra Qaiser - SUNY Downstate Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY USA
Maria Qurashi - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Dina Radenkovic - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Thurkka Rajeswaran - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Sarah F. Rapaport - Johns Hopkins University
Tahmina Razzak - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Lara Reilly - The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Paul Reynolds - Tunbridge Wells Hosp, Tunbridge Wells, England
Alexandra Richardson - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Amelia Roberts - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Charlotte Roberts-Rhodes - City Hosp, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
Tanya Robinson - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Aldo Rocca - University of Molise
Emily Ross-Skinner - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Miguel Ruiz-Marin - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Rebecca Ryall - Barnsley Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Barnsley, England
Alshaimaa M. Saad - Assiut University
Mahmoud M. Saad - Assiut University
Ambreen Sadiq - Good Hope Hosp, Sutton, Surrey, England
Giuseppe Sammarco - Magna Graecia University
Michail A. Sampanis - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Hazel Sanghvi - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Paolo Sapienza - Sapienza University of Rome
Ross Sayers - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Luca Scott - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Michael Sen - Sunderland Royal Hosp, Sunderland, Durham, England
Mosab A. A. Shaban - Alkhadra Hosp, Tripoli, Libya
Kathleen T. Shakespeare - Barnsley Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Barnsley, England
Ellie Shaw - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Hannah Shaw - Leicester Royal Infirmar, Leicester, Leics, England
Jonathan Sheldrake - College Station Medical Center
Sing Yang Sim - Southampton Gen Hosp, Southampton, Hants, England
Luigi Simonelli - Sapienza University of Rome
Nikolaos Sipsas - Laiko Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Jarita Sivam - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Sri Sivarajan - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Jennifer Smith - College Station Medical Center
Fabio Speranza - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Claire Spice - Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth, Hants, England
Amanda Stafford - Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth, Hants, England
Katharine Stambollouian - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Kent A. Stevens - Johns Hopkins University
Jack Stewart - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Emma Stratton - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Hannah Street - Royal Derby Hosp, Derby, England
Michael Surtees - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Emma Swinnerton - Salford Royal Hosp, Salford, Lancs, England
Ahmed S. A. Taher - College Station Medical Center
Caroline Tait - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Gateshead, Gateshead, England
Amybel Taylor - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Miriam Thake - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Katie Thin - Coventry
Hannah Thould - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Thyn Thyn - Barnsley Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Barnsley, England
Benjaman To - Tunbridge Wells Hosp, Tunbridge Wells, England
Hannah Tobiss - College Station Medical Center
Kathryn Toppley - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Liam Townsend - St James Hosp, Dublin, Ireland
Ellen Tullo - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
George Tzovaras - Gen Univ Hosp Larissa, Larisa, Greece
Anthony Umeadi - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Hrisheekesh Vaidya - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Maria Valero-Soriano - Hosp Gen Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
Rosanna Varden - Royal Victoria Infirmary
Vittoria Vergani - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Dominique Vervoort - Johns Hopkins University
Giuseppina Vescio - Magna Graecia University
Mark Vettasseri - College Station Medical Center
Madiha Virk - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Vaishali Vyas - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Joanne Wagland - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Stephanie Wallis - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Chloe Warner - Leicester Royal Infirmar, Leicester, Leics, England
Eleanor Watkins - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Hannah Watson - Great Western Hosp, Swindon, Wilts, England
Rachael Webb - Barnsley Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Barnsley, England
Sarah H. Welsh - Northumbria NHS Hosp Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
Ruth West - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Elisha Whelan - Solihull Hosp, Solihull, W Midlands, England
Julie Whitney - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Mark Whitsey - The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust
Catherine Wilcock - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Iain Wilkinson - East Surrey Hosp, Surrey, England
David Williams - Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
Megan Williamson - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Ruth H. Willott - College Station Medical Center
Mettha Wimalasundera - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Yu Lelt Win - Sandwell Gen Hosp, West Bromwich, England
Laura Winter - Queen Elizabeth Hosp Kings Lynn, Kings Lynn, England
Stephanie Worrall - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Rebecca Wright - South Tyneside Dist Hosp, Sunderland, Tyne & Wear, England
Natalie Yeo - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Eirene Yeung - Kings Coll Hosp London, London, England
Merve Yigit - College Station Medical Center
Yasin A. Yildiz - College Station Medical Center
Humza Yusuf - St Thomas Hosp, London, England
Martina Zambon - Sapienza University of Rome
Hein Zaw - College Station Medical Center
Omar Zein Elabedeen - Assiut University
Collaborative, GMR
Publication Details: Age and ageing, Vol.50(3), pp.617-630
Publisher: Oxford Univ Press
Number of pages: 14
Grant note: British Geriatrics Society NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre
Identifiers: 9913226408331
Academic Unit: Alfaisal University; King Abdulaziz University; King Saud University; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article