Abstract
Background: Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19), a current worldwide pandemic is the cause of serious concern. Risk-adjusted differences in outcomes of the patients are not well characterized. Therefore, susceptibility to infection with respect to blood group, blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, age, and BMI is analyzed in this study. Methods: Blood donors of all ages and gender, who recovered from COVID-19 infection, were selected for the study. Samples were collected from the regional laboratory and the central blood bank of Hafr al Batin, Saudi Arabia. Out of 1508 healthy blood donors, 134 had recovered from corona without any preexisting diseases. Results: Major donors were male (85.1%). 28% of donors were in the age range of 26-35 years. O+(32.8%) donors were in majority. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate elevated significantly in the age group 46-55 (p<0.05) and 56-65 (p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure in males (134.13 +/- 9.57) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in females (129.35 +/- 10.61). Donors with Rh+ had significantly higher systolic (p<0.05) and pulse rate (p<0.05) as compared to Rh-. Discussion: O+ donors were found to be highly susceptible. Blood pressure, pulse rate and Hb altered with age. Males exhibited higher variation in systolic blood pressure, with the Rh+ factor playing a predominant role. Donors above 45-years of age and with a high BMI had significantly elevated blood pressure and pulse. These results are challenging or contradictory to the results of Turkish and Chinese studies where blood group A(+) was more predominantly affected by the SARS-CoV-2 with the minimum infection rate in females and Rh- donors. Conclusion: Factors like blood group, age, physical characteristics and BMI should be taken into account before initiating any therapeutic approach to obtain the best possible outcomes with minimum adverse effects from the current drugs utilized for SARS CoV-2 treatment, especially with the age group of 45 years and above.