Abstract
Background: The paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphism Q192R has been found to be consistent with multiple metabolic diseases comprising type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The R allele has been found to be associated with coronary artery disease and gestational diabetes in a Saudi population. Therefore, we attempted to determine the association between Q192R and T2DM in a Saudi population. Materials and methods: Eight hundred subjects were enrolled in this case-control study, including T2DM patients (n = 400) and control individuals (n = 400). Epidemiological, clinical, and Q192R genotype data were obtained from all the subjects included in this study. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis followed by 2.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The clinical characteristics and metabolic variables were significantly higher in T2DM compared with controls, and also with allele and genotype frequencies [R vs. Q: odds ratio (OR), 1.659; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.344-2.048; P = 0.0002; RR vs. QQ; OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.2; P = 0.001; QR+RR vs. QQ; OR, 2.101; 95% CI, 1.583-2.788; P = 0.0002)]. Multiple regression analysis showed positive correlation of lipid profile with genotype (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present findings provide robust evidence of PON1 Q192R polymorphism being associated with T2DM in a Saudi population.