Abstract
Iris segmentation plays a critical role in the iris biometric systems. It has two modules: iris localization and noise detection. The first module demarcates the actual iris' inner and outer boundaries in input eyeimages. The second module detects and removes noise in the valid iris part. Researchers devised numerous iris segmentation and/or localization schemes, which are based on the histogram and thresholding, circular Hough transform (CHT), Integro- differential operator (IDO), active contour models, graph-cuts, or deep learning. It is observed that most contemporary schemes perform poorly when confronted with images containing noisy factors such as the eyebrows, eyelashes, contact lenses, non-uniform illumination, light reflections, defocus and/or eyeglasses. The performance of CHT and IDO against noise is found robust, but these operators are computationally expensive. On the other hand, the histogram and thresholding-based schemes are considered fast, but these are less robust against noise. Besides, most contemporary schemes mark iris contours with a circle approximation and offer no noise removal strategy. To address these issues, this study offers an effective iris segmentation algorithm. First, it applies an optimized coarse-to-fine scheme based on an adaptive threshold to mark iris inner boundary. Next, it detects and marks eyelashes adaptively. After that, it marks iris outer boundary via an optimized coarseto-fine scheme. Then, it regularizes the non-circular iris' contours using the Fourier series. Finally, eyelids and reflections are marked in the iris polar form. The proposed scheme shows better results on the CASIA-Iris-Interval V3.0, IITD V1.0, and MMU V1.0 iris databases. (C) 2020 Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.