Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explore simultaneous impact of dust and nano particles on thermal performance of yield stress exhibiting fluid (Casson fluid) through numerical simulations. Therefore, for mathematical formulation, conservation laws for dust and fluid phases with yield stress constitutive equation for Casson fluid are used. No slip theory is applied for the development of boundary conditions. Eventually, complex system of PDEs with suitable conditions is obtained. This complex system is formulated in a suitable finite element computational environment. Simulations are executed to investigate heat transfer enhancement mechanism in both mono and hybrid nanofluids suspended with Fe 3 O 4 − TiO 2 (hybrid nanoparticles) in the presence of dust impurities. Furthermore, it is observed that the diffusion of momentum depends on the yielding stress. However, this yield stress phenomenon in hybrid nanofluid is less significant than in the mono-nanofluid. It is also noticed that a rise in magnetic field can force the motion of dusty fluid to slow down. However, this slowing down mechanism in mono-nanofluid is more significant than in hybrid nanofluid. The temperature of dust particles for both mono and hybrid nanofluids has an increasing tendency when fluid interaction parameter is increased. However, the temperature of the hybrid nano dusty fluid is greater than the temperature of the mono nano dusty fluid.