Abstract
The transmission and reception sensitivities of most piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers are enhanced by their geometrical structures. This structure is normally a regular, periodic one with one principal length scale, which, due to the resonant nature of the devices, determines the central operating frequency. There is engineering interest in building wide-bandwidth devices, and so it follows that, in their design, resonators that have a range of length scales should be used. This paper describes a mathematical model of a fractal ultrasound transducer whose piezoelectric components span a range of length scales. There have been many previous studies of wave propagation in the Sierpinski gasket but this paper is the first to study its complement. This is a critically important mathematical development as the complement is formed from a broad distribution of triangle sizes, whereas the Sierpinski gasket is formed from triangles of equal size. Within this structure, the electrical and mechanical fields fluctuate in tune with the time-dependent displacement of these substructures. A new set of basis functions is developed that allow us to express this displacement as part of a finite element methodology. A renormalization approach is then used to develop a recursion scheme that analytically describes the key components from the discrete matrices that arise. Expressions for the transducer's operational characteristics are then derived and analysed as a function of the driving frequency. It transpires that the fractal device has a significantly higher reception sensitivity (18 dB) and a significantly wider bandwidth (3 MHz) than an equivalent Euclidean (standard) device.