Abstract
The main goal of this inspection is to explore the heat and mass transport phenomena of a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of ternary hybrid nanoliquid through a porous media toward a stretching surface. Nowadays, the low thermal conductivity is the key problem for scientist and researchers in the transmission of heat processes. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal conductivity of different base liquids, the scientist and researchers are mixing numerous types of solid particles in the base fluids. That is why the authors have mixed three different types of nanoparticles such as graphene oxide, silver, and copper in a kerosene oil base liquid. The influences of Hall current and ion-slip are also considered. Furthermore, the flow behavior is analyzed under the appliance of Darcy–Forchheimer, activation energy, and chemical reaction. By using the concept of boundary layer theory, the flow equations are modeled in the form of higher order nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) along with convective boundary conditions. Suitable similarity transformations are used for the transformation of higher order PDEs into the higher order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Analytical scheme known as the homotopic scheme is utilized for the simulation of the current problem. The impacts of discrete flow parameters on the velocities, temperature, and concentration profiles of the ternary hybrid nanoliquid are inspected. The skin friction coefficients, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number of the ternary hybrid nanofluid are investigated against various flow parameters. The outcomes of the current analysis showed that primary velocity of the ternary hybrid nanoliquid is augmented
Hall current and ion-slip number, while the reverse trend is observed
porosity parameter, Darcy–Forchheimer parameter, and magnetic field parameter. On the other hand, the higher values of Hall current and magnetic parameter enhanced the secondary velocity of the ternary hybrid nanoliquid, while the secondary velocity was reduced due to the increasing ion-slip number and rotation parameter. It is found that the heat transfer rate of the ternary hybrid nanofluid is 46% greater than the silver nanofluid.