Abstract
Esophageal cancer has been reported in various countries, including Saudi Arabia, India and United States. Many biomarkers have been used to detect cancers at an early stage to improve the survival rate of esophageal cancer.
The present study investigated the biomarkers, biglycan, myeloperoxidase, cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-12) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and carbohydrate antigen L1 cell adhesion molecule from the tumour and non-tumour samples.
The increased amount of circulatory biglycan level was detected using the ELISA method in tumour cases compared to control samples (p < 0.001). The expression of biglycan was high in certain tumour cases and was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The variation of myeloperoxidase markers in control and experimental subjects were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Among cancer patients, elevated levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (28.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml and 30.3 ± 1.1 ng/ml), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (5.3 ± 1.1 ng/ml and 4.9 ± 0.5) and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (18.3 ± 1.1 ng/ml and 15.1 ± 2.6 ng/ml) were detected in male and female cases (p < 0.001). In the normal tissues, the expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule was high and was expressed in low amount in tumour tissues in both male and female individuals (<0.001).
These biomarkers are useful for the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.