Abstract
Objective. This study assessed the canal configuration of mandibular molars according to Vertucci's classification of a Saudi population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. A total of 290 first and 367 second mandibular molars were analyzed. The CBCT images were evaluated in three sections to inspect the number of roots and canals and canal system. The data are presented as frequencies and percentages. The chi-squared test was used to assess differences between both sides. SPSS was used for analysis, with a significance level of alpha <= 0.05. Results. Among the first molars, 95.4% of the teeth had two roots, and 64.5% had three canals. Approximately 57.9% showed Vertucci type IV mesial roots. Between the second molars, 89.6% of teeth had two roots and 80.4% had three canals. The frequency of Vertucci type IV (39.4%) was the highest in mesial roots. The first molars showed a high prevalence of 3-rooted teeth (5.5%). Both the right and left sides showed teeth with similar external and internal anatomy (p<0.05). Conclusion. Most of the mandibular first and second molars had two roots and three canals. In the first mandibular molars, similar to the second mandibular molars, the majority of the mesial canals had Vertucci type IV, while the distal canals had Vertucci type I.