Abstract
Exploration of leads with therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders is worth pursuing. In line with this, the isolated natural compound daturaolone from Datura innoxia Mill. was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. Daturaolone follows Lipinski's drug-likeliness rule with a score of 0.33. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction show strong plasma protein binding; gastrointestinal absorption (Caco-2 cells permeability = 34.6 nm/s); no blood-brain barrier penetration; CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 metabolism; a major metabolic reaction, being aliphatic hydroxylation; no hERG inhibition; and non-carcinogenicity. Predicted molecular targets were mainly inflammatory mediators. Molecular docking depicted H-bonding interaction with nuclear factor kappa beta subunit (NF-kappa B), cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2, serotonin transporter, dopamine receptor D1 and 5-hydroxy tryptamine. Its cytotoxicity (IC50) value in normal lymphocytes was > 20 mu g/mL as compared to cancer cells (Huh7.5; 17.32 & PLUSMN; 1.43 mu g/mL). Daturaolone significantly inhibited NF-kappa B and nitric oxide production with IC50 values of 1.2 & PLUSMN; 0.8 and 4.51 & PLUSMN; 0.92 mu g/mL, respectively. It significantly reduced inflammatory paw edema (81.73 & PLUSMN; 3.16%), heat-induced pain (89.47 & PLUSMN; 9.01% antinociception) and stress-induced depression (68 & PLUSMN; 9.22 s immobility time in tail suspension test). This work suggests a possible anti-inflammatory role of daturaolone; however, detailed mechanistic studies are still necessary to corroborate and extrapolate the findings.