Abstract
Analytical models yielding approximate work cycle times are proposed for warehousing systems using opportunistic and forced interleaving With opportunistic interleaving, the models are also used to approximate the distribution of single and dual command work cycles as a function of the transactions demand and storage layout of a facility. With forced interleaving, the models are also used for approximating system response times. In both cases, approximations of average work cycle times and resource utilization are generated which are useful for generating rough estimates of throughput capacity in warehousing systems. The error levels using these approximations are found to be on the order of 7% when compared to detailed simulation studies of the same warehousing operation.