Abstract
Many important tasks depend upon the ability of personnel to be able to extract information from verbal communication in suboptimal conditions. However, there is little guidance in how best to train people to improve this skill, specifically regarding the most effective combination of human or synthesized speech with or without text captions. In this study, we examined two competing theories, the cognitive theory of multimedia learning versus resilient listening. One-hundred and nineteen U.S. Navy recruits (53% male, average age of 21.5 years) participated in this study. The results indicated that games with degraded auditory conditions did not improve listening abilities in a transfer condition. Games using recorded human voices resulted in the best performance.