Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Rafael Lozano; Annie Haakenstad; Jamal Akeem Yearwood; Nancy Fullman; Corinne Bintz; Kelly Bienhoff; Marcia R. Weaver; Vishnu Nandakumar; Jonah N. Joffe; Kate E. LeGrand; Megan Knight; Cristiana Abbafati; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Amir Abdoli; Roberto Ariel Abeldano Zuniga; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Muhammad Sohail Afzal; Saira Afzal; Marcela Agudelo-Botero; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Sajjad Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Ali Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Budi Aji; Wuraola Akande-Sholabi; Khurshid Alam; Hanadi Al Hamad; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Liaqat Ali; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Tarek Tawfik Amin; Hubert Amu; Dickson A. Amugsi; Robert Ancuceanu; Pedro Prata Andrade; Afifa Anjum; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Hany Ariffin; Judie Arulappan; Zahra Aryan; Tahira Ashraf; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Alok Atreya; Marcel Ausloos; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Samad Azari; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Mohan Bairwa; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Shrikala Baliga; Palash Chandra Banik; Till Winfried Baernighausen; Fabio Barra; Amadou Barrow; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Rebuma Belete; Arielle Wilder Bell; Devidas S. Bhagat; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Nikha Bhardwaj; Sonu Bhaskar; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Sadia Bibi; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Antonio Biondi; Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa; Aime Bonny; Hermann Brenner; Danilo Buonsenso; Katrin Burkart; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Nadeem Shafique Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Luis Alberto Camera; Rosario Cardenas; Vera L. A. Carneiro; Ferran Catala-Lopez; Joht Singh Chandan; Jaykaran Charan; Prachi P. Chavan; Simiao Chen; Shu Chen; Sonali Gajanan Choudhari; Enayet Karim Chowdhury; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury; Massimo Cirillo; Barbara Corso; Omid Dadras; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Xiaochen Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; William James Dangel; Claudio Alberto Davila-Cervantes; Kairat Davletov; Keshab Deuba; Meghnath Dhimal; Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal; Shirin Djalalinia; Huyen Phuc Do; Leila Doshmangir; Bruce B. Duncan; Andem Effiong; Elham Ehsani-Chimeh; Islam Y. Elgendy; Muhammed Elhadi; Iman El Sayed; Maha El Tantawi; Daniel Asfaw Erku; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Jawad Fares; Farshad Farzadfar; Simone Ferrero; Lorenzo Ferro Desideri; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Masoud Foroutan; Takeshi Fukumoto; Peter Andras Gaal; Santosh Gaihre; William M. Gardner; Tushar Garg; Abera Getachew Obsa; Mansour Ghafourifard; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Nermin Ghith; Syed Amir Gilani; Paramjit Singh Gill; Salime Goharinezhad; Mahaveer Golechha; Jenny S. Guadamuz; Yuming Guo; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Mohammad Hamiduzzaman; Asif Hanif; Josep Maria Haro; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md Mehedi Hasan; M. Tasdik Hasan; Abdiwahab Hashi; Simon I. Hay; Khezar Hayat; Mohammad Heidari; Golnaz Heidari; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Ramesh Holla; Sahadat Hossain; Sheikh Jamal Hossain; Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Sorin Hostiuc; Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh; Vivian Chia-rong Hsieh; Guoqing Hu; Junjie Huang; M. Mamun Huda; Susan C. Ifeagwu; Kevin S. Ikuta; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Rakibul M. Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Hiroyasu Iso; Gaetano Isola; Ramaiah Itumalla; Masao Iwagami; Mohammad Ali Jahani; Nader Jahanmehr; Rajesh Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia; Sathish Kumar Jayapal; Shubha Jayaram; Ravi Prakash Jha; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Nitin Joseph; Mikk Jurisson; Ali Kabir; Leila R. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Aruna M. Kamath; Kaloyan Kamenov; Himal Kandel; Rami S. Kantar; Neeti Kapoor; Marina Karanikolos; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Taras Kavetskyy; Norito Kawakami; Gbenga A. Kayode; Leila Keikavoosi-Arani; Mohammad Keykhaei; Yousef Saleh Khader; Himanshu Khajuria; Rovshan Khalilov; Mohammad Khammarnia; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Moien A. B. Khan; Maseer Khan; Mehdi Khezeli; Min Seo Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Sezer Kisa; Adnan Kisa; Vitalii Klymchuk; Kamrun Nahar Koly; Oleksii Korzh; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G. Anil Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Anders O. Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Wei-Chen Lee; Yo Han Lee; Chiachi Bonnie Lee; Shanshan Li; Giancarlo Lucchetti; Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan; Azeem Majeed; Alaa Makki; Reza Malekzadeh; Ahmad Azam Malik; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Adolfo Martinez-Valle; Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Manu Raj Mathur; Richard James Maude; Pallab K. Maulik; Martin McKee; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; George A. Mensah; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Irmina Maria Michalek; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Awoke Misganaw; Sanjeev Misra; Babak Moazen; Mokhtar Mohammadi; Shafiu Mohammed; Modhurima Moitra; Ali H. Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Lorenzo Monasta; Mohammad Ali Moni; Ghobad Moradi; Rafael Silveira Moreira; Jonathan F. Mosser; Ebrahim Mostafavi; Simin Mouodi; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Chie Nagata; Mohsen Naghavi; Vinay Nangia; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Aparna Ichalangod Narayana; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Hasan Nassereldine; Biswa Prakash Nayak; Javad Nazari; Ionut Negoi; Samata Nepal; Sandhya Neupane Kandel; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Bogdan Oancea; Onome Bright Oghenetega; In-Hwan Oh; Andrew T. Olagunju; Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde; Ahmed Omar Bali; Emad Omer; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Adrian Otoiu; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Raffaele Palladino; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Shahina Pardhan; Deepak Kumar Pasupula; Praveen Kumar Pathak; George C. Patton; Shrikant Pawar; Jeevan Pereira; Manju Pilania; Bakhtiar Piroozi; Vivek Podder; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Sergio I. Prada; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Navid Rabiee; Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan; Md. Mosfequr Rahman; Mosiur Rahman; Mahfuzar Rahman; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Chythra R. Rao; Sowmya J. Rao; Davide Rasella; Salman Rawaf; David Laith Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Bhageerathy Reshmi; Serge Resnikoff; Aziz Rezapour; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Rezaul Karim Ripon; Simona Sacco; Masoumeh Sadeghi; Umar Saeed; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Biniyam Sahiledengle; Harihar Sahoo; Maitreyi Sahu; Joseph S. Salama; Payman Salamati; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Brijesh Sathian; Monika Sawhney; Maria Ines Schmidt; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Allen Seylani; Masood Ali Shaikh; Aziz Sheikh; Adithi Shetty; Mika Shigematsu; Rahman Shiri; K. M. Shivakumar; Azad Shokri; Jasvinder A. Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi; Raul A. R. C. Sousa; Jacqueline H. Stephens; Jing Sun; Miklos Szocska; Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos; Hooman Tadbiri; Animut Tagele Tamiru; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Roman Topor-Madry; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Mai Thi Ngoc Tran; Bach Xuan Tran; Niharika Tripathi; Jaya Prasad Tripathy; Christopher E. Troeger; Deinzel Robles Uezono; Saif Ullah; Anayat Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Marco Vacante; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Pascual R. Valdez; Milena Vasic; Massimiliano Veroux; Dominique Vervoort; Francesco S. Violante; Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov; Vasily Vlassov; Bay Vo; Yasir Waheed; Richard G. Wamai; Yuan-Pang Wang; Yanzhong Wang; Paul Ward; Taweewat Wiangkham; Lalit Yadav; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Siyan Yi; Vahit Yigit; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z. Younis; Chuanhua Yu; Ismaeel Yunusa; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Chenwen Zhong; Yves Miel H. Zuniga; Stephen S. Lim; Christopher J. L. Murray; GBD 2019 Healthcare Access Quality

doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00429-6

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Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Rafael Lozano, Annie Haakenstad, Jamal Akeem Yearwood, Nancy Fullman, Corinne Bintz, Kelly Bienhoff, Marcia R. Weaver, Vishnu Nandakumar, Jonah N. Joffe, Kate E. LeGrand, …

The Lancet global health, Vol.10(12), pp.E1715-E1743

01/12/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00429-6

PMID: 36209761

Abstract

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Science & Technology

Background Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. Methods We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. Findings Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19.6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17.9-21.3), as well as among the young (22.5, 19.9-24.7), working (17.2, 15.2-19.1), and post-working (15.1, 13.2-17.0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30.7 (28.6-33.0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83.4 (82.4-84.3) on average in highSDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40.4-89.0), working (33.8-82.8), and post-working (30.4-79.1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. Interpretation Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Title: Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Creators - without role: Rafael Lozano - University of Washington
Annie Haakenstad - University of Washington
Jamal Akeem Yearwood - Gates
Nancy Fullman - University of Washington
Corinne Bintz - University of Washington
Kelly Bienhoff - University of Washington
Marcia R. Weaver - University of Washington
Vishnu Nandakumar - University of Washington
Jonah N. Joffe - University of Washington
Kate E. LeGrand - University of Washington
Megan Knight - University of Washington
Cristiana Abbafati - Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy
Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari - University of Tehran
Amir Abdoli - Jahrom University
Roberto Ariel Abeldano Zuniga - Univ Sierra Sur, Postgrad Dept, Miahuatlan De Porfirio D, Mexico
Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji - Olabisi Onabanjo University
Victor Adekanmbi - Univ Texas Galveston, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Galveston, TX USA
Olatunji O. Adetokunboh - Stellenbosch University
Muhammad Sohail Afzal - Univ Management & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Saira Afzal - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Marcela Agudelo-Botero - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Policy Populat & Hlth Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah - University of Technology Sydney
Sajjad Ahmad - Abasyn University
Ali Ahmadi - Shahrekord University
Sepideh Ahmadi - Shahid Beheshti University
Ali Ahmed - Monash University
Tarik Ahmed Rashid - University of Kurdistan Hewler
Budi Aji - Jenderal Soedirman University
Wuraola Akande-Sholabi - University of Ibadan
Khurshid Alam - Murdoch University
Hanadi Al Hamad - College Station Medical Center
Robert Kaba Alhassan - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana
Liaqat Ali - College Station Medical Center
Vahid Alipour - College Station Medical Center
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw - Lingnan University
Tarek Tawfik Amin - Cairo University
Hubert Amu - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Populat & Behav, Ho, Ghana
Dickson A. Amugsi - African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing, Nairobi, Kenya
Robert Ancuceanu - College Station Medical Center
Pedro Prata Andrade - WHO Country Off Sao Tome & Principe, Universal Hlth Coverage Hlth Syst Strengthening C, Sao Tome, Sao Tome & Prin
Afifa Anjum - Jahangirnagar University
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Morteza Arab-Zozani - College Station Medical Center
Hany Ariffin - University of Malaya
Judie Arulappan - Sultan Qaboos University
Zahra Aryan - Harvard University
Tahira Ashraf - University of Lahore
Desta Debalkie Atnafu - Bahir Dar University
Alok Atreya - College Station Medical Center
Marcel Ausloos - University of Leicester
Leticia Avila-Burgos - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Getinet Ayano - University of Western Australia
Martin Amogre Ayanore - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana
Samad Azari - College Station Medical Center
Ashish D. Badiye - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Atif Amin Baig - Sultan Zainal Abidin University
Mohan Bairwa - College Station Medical Center
Shankar M. Bakkannavar - College Station Medical Center
Shrikala Baliga - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Microbiol, Mangalore, India
Palash Chandra Banik - Bangladesh University
Till Winfried Baernighausen - Harvard University
Fabio Barra - University of Genoa
Amadou Barrow - University of the Gambia
Sanjay Basu - Harvard University
Mohsen Bayati - Shiraz University
Rebuma Belete - Haramaya University
Arielle Wilder Bell - Harvard University
Devidas S. Bhagat - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Chem, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula - Univ Arkansas, Dept Hlth, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
Pankaj Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Nikha Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Sonu Bhaskar - NSW Brain Clot Bank, Neurovasc Imaging Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Krittika Bhattacharyya - Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - University of Toronto
Sadia Bibi - Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Ali Bijani - College Station Medical Center
Boris Bikbov - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Ranica, Italy
Antonio Biondi - University of Catania
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Aime Bonny - University of Douala
Hermann Brenner - Heidelberg
Danilo Buonsenso - Agostino Gemelli Univ Polyclin IRCCS, Dept Woman & Child Hlth & Publ Hlth, Rome, Italy
Katrin Burkart - University of Washington
Reinhard Busse - Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany
Zahid A. Butt - University of Waterloo
Nadeem Shafique Butt - King Abdulaziz University
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos - Supreme Council Of Health
Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado - Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Luis Alberto Camera - College Station Medical Center
Rosario Cardenas - Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Hlth Care, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Vera L. A. Carneiro - University of Minho
Ferran Catala-Lopez - Supreme Council Of Health
Joht Singh Chandan - University of Birmingham
Jaykaran Charan - College Station Medical Center
Prachi P. Chavan - University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Simiao Chen - UNSW Sydney
Shu Chen - Heidelberg University
Sonali Gajanan Choudhari - College Station Medical Center
Enayet Karim Chowdhury - Curtin University
Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury - BRAC University
Massimo Cirillo - University of Naples Federico II
Barbara Corso - CNR, Inst Neurosci, Pisa, Italy
Omid Dadras - Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Sect Global Hlth & Rehabil, Bergen, Norway
Saad M. A. Dahlawi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Xiaochen Dai - University of Washington
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
William James Dangel - University of Washington
Claudio Alberto Davila-Cervantes - Latin Amer Fac Social Sci Mexico, Dept Populat & Dev, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Kairat Davletov - Alma
Keshab Deuba - Save The Children, Natl Ctr AIDS & STD Control, Kathmandu, Nepal
Meghnath Dhimal - Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal
Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal - Policy Res Inst, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shirin Djalalinia - College Station Medical Center
Huyen Phuc Do - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Leila Doshmangir - College Station Medical Center
Bruce B. Duncan - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Andem Effiong - Biostat
Elham Ehsani-Chimeh - University of Tehran
Islam Y. Elgendy - Harvard University
Muhammed Elhadi - University of Tripoli
Iman El Sayed - Alexandria University
Maha El Tantawi - Alexandria University
Daniel Asfaw Erku - Griffith University
Sharareh Eskandarieh - University of Tehran
Jawad Fares - Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
Farshad Farzadfar - University of Tehran
Simone Ferrero - University of Genoa
Lorenzo Ferro Desideri - University of Genoa
Florian Fischer - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Nataliya A. Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Masoud Foroutan - College Station Medical Center
Takeshi Fukumoto - Kobe University
Peter Andras Gaal - Semmelweis University
Santosh Gaihre - University of Aberdeen
William M. Gardner - University of Washington
Tushar Garg - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Abera Getachew Obsa - Addis Ababa University
Mansour Ghafourifard - College Station Medical Center
Ahmad Ghashghaee - Supreme Council Of Health
Nermin Ghith - Lund University
Syed Amir Gilani - University of Lahore
Paramjit Singh Gill - University of Warwick
Salime Goharinezhad - College Station Medical Center
Mahaveer Golechha - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India
Jenny S. Guadamuz - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Yuming Guo - Monash University
Rajat Das Gupta
Rajeev Gupta - BRAC University
Vivek Kumar Gupta - Macquarie University
Veer Bala Gupta - Deakin University
Mohammad Hamiduzzaman - Southern Cross University
Asif Hanif - University of Lahore
Josep Maria Haro - Universitat de Barcelona
Ahmed I. Hasaballah - Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
Md Mehedi Hasan - Monash University
M. Tasdik Hasan
Abdiwahab Hashi - Jigjiga University
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Khezar Hayat - Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Mohammad Heidari
Golnaz Heidari - Shahrekord University
Nathaniel J. Henry - University of Oxford
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Ramesh Holla - College Station Medical Center
Sahadat Hossain - UCL, London, England
Sheikh Jamal Hossain - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain - University of Dhaka
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - Duy Tan University
Sorin Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh - Shahid Motahari Hosp, Burn Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Vivian Chia-rong Hsieh - College Station Medical Center
Guoqing Hu - Cent South Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Peoples R China
Junjie Huang - Chinese University of Hong Kong
M. Mamun Huda - University of Queensland
Susan C. Ifeagwu - University of Cambridge
Kevin S. Ikuta - University of Washington
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - University of Ibadan
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
Rakibul M. Islam - Monash University
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Deakin University
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail - Mahsa University
Hiroyasu Iso - Osaka University
Gaetano Isola - University of Catania
Ramaiah Itumalla - University of Ha'il
Masao Iwagami - University of Tsukuba
Mohammad Ali Jahani - College Station Medical Center
Nader Jahanmehr - Shahid Beheshti University
Rajesh Jain - Nashotah House Theological Seminary
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - Peter Great St Petersburg Polytech Univ, Inst Adv Mfg Technol, St Petersburg, Russia
Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Manipal, India
Sathish Kumar Jayapal - Minist Hlth, Ctr Studies & Res, Muscat, Oman
Shubha Jayaram - College Station Medical Center
Ravi Prakash Jha - College Station Medical Center
Jost B. Jonas - Inst Mol & Clin Ophthalmol Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Tamas Joo - Semmelweis University
Nitin Joseph - College Station Medical Center
Mikk Jurisson - University of Tartu
Ali Kabir - College Station Medical Center
Leila R. Kalankesh - Supreme Council Of Health
Rohollah Kalhor - College Station Medical Center
Aruna M. Kamath - University of Washington
Kaloyan Kamenov - World Hlth Org WHO, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Geneva, Switzerland
Himal Kandel - University of Sydney
Rami S. Kantar - College Station Medical Center
Neeti Kapoor - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Marina Karanikolos - Supreme Council Of Health
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi - University of Glasgow
Taras Kavetskyy - John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
Norito Kawakami - The University of Tokyo
Gbenga A. Kayode - Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Int Res Ctr Excellence, Abuja, Nigeria
Leila Keikavoosi-Arani - Supreme Council Of Health
Mohammad Keykhaei - University of Tehran
Yousef Saleh Khader - Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan
Himanshu Khajuria - Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
Rovshan Khalilov - Baku State University
Mohammad Khammarnia - College Station Medical Center
Md Nuruzzaman Khan
Moien A. B. Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Maseer Khan - Jazan University
Mehdi Khezeli - College Station Medical Center
Min Seo Kim - Samsung Adv Inst Hlth Sci & Technol SAIHST, Dept Genom & Digital Hlth, Seoul, South Korea
Yun Jin Kim - Xiamen University Malaysia
Sezer Kisa - Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
Adnan Kisa - Supreme Council Of Health
Vitalii Klymchuk - Mental Hlth Ukraine Project, Community Based Serv Dev, Lvov, Ukraine
Kamrun Nahar Koly - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Hlth Syst Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Oleksii Korzh - College Station Medical Center
Soewarta Kosen
Parvaiz A. Koul - College Station Medical Center
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Dian Kusuma - Supreme Council Of Health
Hmwe Hmwe Kyu - University of Washington
Anders O. Larsson - Uppsala University
Savita Lasrado - College Station Medical Center
Wei-Chen Lee - Univ Texas Galveston, Off Hlth Policy & Legislat Affairs, Galveston, TX USA
Yo Han Lee - Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
Chiachi Bonnie Lee - College Station Medical Center
Shanshan Li - Monash University
Giancarlo Lucchetti - Supreme Council Of Health
Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan - College Station Medical Center
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Alaa Makki - University of Sharjah
Reza Malekzadeh - University of Tehran
Ahmad Azam Malik - University of Lahore
Deborah Carvalho Malta - Federal Reserve
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani - University of Milano-Bicocca
Adolfo Martinez-Valle - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Hlth Policy & Populat Res Ctr CIPPS, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo - Federal Reserve
Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi - College Station Medical Center
Manu Raj Mathur - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Hlth Policy Res, Gurugram, India
Richard James Maude - University of Oxford
Pallab K. Maulik - UNSW Sydney
Martin McKee - Supreme Council Of Health
Walter Mendoza - United Nations
Ritesh G. Menezes - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
George A. Mensah - NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Atte Meretoja - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neurol Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Tuomo J. Meretoja - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Tomislav Mestrovic - University of Washington
Irmina Maria Michalek - Lausanne Univ Hosp, Woman Mother Child Dept, Lausanne, Switzerland
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Awoke Misganaw - University of Washington
Sanjeev Misra - College Station Medical Center
Babak Moazen - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Mokhtar Mohammadi - Lebanese French University
Shafiu Mohammed - Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany
Modhurima Moitra - University of Washington
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Mariam Molokhia - College Station Medical Center
Lorenzo Monasta - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Mohammad Ali Moni - University of Queensland
Ghobad Moradi - College Station Medical Center
Rafael Silveira Moreira - Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Publ Hlth, Recife, PE, Brazil
Jonathan F. Mosser - University of Washington
Ebrahim Mostafavi - Stanford University
Simin Mouodi - College Station Medical Center
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan - Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Chie Nagata - Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Educ Clin Res, Tokyo, Japan
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy - College Station Medical Center
Aparna Ichalangod Narayana - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal Coll Dent Sci, Manipal, India
Bruno Ramos Nascimento - Federal Reserve
Hasan Nassereldine - University of Washington
Biswa Prakash Nayak - Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
Javad Nazari - Arak University
Ionut Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Samata Nepal - Kathmandu University
Sandhya Neupane Kandel - Estia Hlth, Estia Hlth Blakehurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Josephine W. Ngunjiri - University of Embu
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Cuong Tat Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum - Univ Negeri Semarang, Dept Publ Hlth, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
Jean Jacques Noubiap - University of Adelaide
Bogdan Oancea - University of Bucharest
Onome Bright Oghenetega - University of Ibadan
In-Hwan Oh - Kyung Hee University
Andrew T. Olagunju - McMaster University
Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde - Natl AIDS Control Comm, Community Prevent & Care Serv, Abuja, Nigeria
Ahmed Omar Bali - Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Emad Omer - Ajman University
Obinna E. Onwujekwe - University of Nigeria
Adrian Otoiu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Jagadish Rao Padubidri - College Station Medical Center
Raffaele Palladino - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Adrian Pana - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal - Saveetha University
Shahina Pardhan - Anglia Ruskin University
Deepak Kumar Pasupula - College Station Medical Center
Praveen Kumar Pathak - Jamia Millia Islamia
George C. Patton - University of Melbourne
Shrikant Pawar - Yale University
Jeevan Pereira - Yenepoya University
Manju Pilania - College Station Medical Center
Bakhtiar Piroozi - College Station Medical Center
Vivek Podder - University of Adelaide
Khem Narayan Pokhrel - Integrated Dev Fdn Nepal, HIV & Mental Hlth Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Sergio I. Prada - Valle del Lili Fdn, Clin Res Ctr, Cali, Colombia
Zahiruddin Quazi Syed - College Station Medical Center
Navid Rabiee - Macquarie University
Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal Coll Dent Sci, Manipal, India
Md. Mosfequr Rahman - University of Rajshahi
Mosiur Rahman
Mahfuzar Rahman - Pure Earth
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman
Amir Masoud Rahmani - Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Ctr, Yunlin, Taiwan
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat - Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Chythra R. Rao - College Station Medical Center
Sowmya J. Rao - Sharavathi Dent Coll & Hosp, Dept Oral Pathol, Shimogga, India
Davide Rasella - British Science Association
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Lal Rawal - Supreme Council Of Health
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Bhageerathy Reshmi - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Manipal, India
Serge Resnikoff - UNSW Sydney
Aziz Rezapour - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Mohammad Riahi - College Station Medical Center
Rezaul Karim Ripon - Jahangirnagar University
Simona Sacco - Univ Aquila, Dept Neurol, Laquila, Italy
Masoumeh Sadeghi - College Station Medical Center
Umar Saeed - College Station Medical Center
Amirhossein Sahebkar - College Station Medical Center
Biniyam Sahiledengle - Madda Walabu University
Harihar Sahoo - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Maitreyi Sahu - University of Washington
Joseph S. Salama - University of Washington
Payman Salamati - University of Tehran
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Juan Sanabria - Marshall University
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Monika Sawhney - Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
Maria Ines Schmidt - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Abdul-Aziz Seidu - University of Cape Coast
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Allen Seylani - NHLBI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA
Masood Ali Shaikh
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
Adithi Shetty - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Mangalore, India
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Rahman Shiri - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
K. M. Shivakumar - College Station Medical Center
Azad Shokri - College Station Medical Center
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Dhirendra Narain Sinha - Supreme Council Of Health
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia
Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina - College Station Medical Center
Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi - Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr NCDRC, Dept Oral Hlth, Tehran, Iran
Raul A. R. C. Sousa - Direct Board, Linda A Velha, Portugal
Jacqueline H. Stephens - Flinders University
Jing Sun - University of Technology Sydney
Miklos Szocska - Semmelweis University
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Universitat de València
Hooman Tadbiri - Johns Hopkins University
Animut Tagele Tamiru - University of Gondar
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - University of Kerala
Roman Topor-Madry - Jagiellonian University
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - College Station Medical Center
Mai Thi Ngoc Tran - Queensland University of Technology
Bach Xuan Tran - College Station Medical Center
Niharika Tripathi - College Station Medical Center
Jaya Prasad Tripathy - College Station Medical Center
Christopher E. Troeger - University of Washington
Deinzel Robles Uezono - Dept Hlth Philippines, Hlth Technol Assessment Unit, Manila, Philippines
Saif Ullah - Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Anayat Ullah - College Station Medical Center
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan - College Station Medical Center
Marco Vacante - University of Catania
Sahel Valadan Tahbaz - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
Milena Vasic - Inst Publ Hlth Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Massimiliano Veroux - University of Catania
Dominique Vervoort - Johns Hopkins University
Francesco S. Violante - University of Bologna
Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov - College Station Medical Center
Vasily Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Bay Vo - HUTECH University
Yasir Waheed - College Station Medical Center
Richard G. Wamai - Northeastern University
Yuan-Pang Wang
Yanzhong Wang - Supreme Council Of Health
Paul Ward - Torrens University Australia
Taweewat Wiangkham - Naresuan University
Lalit Yadav - George Institute for Global Health
Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Kazumasa Yamagishi - Osaka University
Sanni Yaya - George Institute for Global Health
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi - College Station Medical Center
Siyan Yi - Supreme Council Of Health
Vahit Yigit - Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Hlth Management, Isparta, Turkey
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Ismaeel Yunusa - University of South Carolina
Sojib Bin Zaman - Monash University
Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin - Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Zhi-Jiang Zhang - Wuhan University
Chenwen Zhong - Chinese University of Hong Kong
Yves Miel H. Zuniga - Dept Hlth Philippines, Hlth Technol Assessment Unit, Manila, Philippines
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Rafael Lozano
GBD 2019 Healthcare Access Quality
Publication Details: The Lancet global health, Vol.10(12), pp.E1715-E1743
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 29
Grant note: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR
Identifiers: 9914586308331
Academic Unit: Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Al Jouf University; King Abdulaziz University; University Ha'il; Jazan University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article