Abstract
Background
Heart murmurs are defined as whooshing or swishing sounds, unlike the normal lub-dub sounds detected by physicians while using a stethoscope. They usually develop due to numerous pathologies, with congenital defects accounting for the majority of pediatric murmurs. Few studies have addressed the difference in auscultating skills between senior and junior healthcare providers. Therefore, this study aims to collect local data on this topic as well as identify the gap between experienced and inexperienced providers in their ability to accurately detect heart murmurs.
Methodology
This study utilizes a quantitative retrospective design to collect data from King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Faisal Cardiac Centre, Saudi Arabia, from October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019. The medical records of 292 pediatric patients, who were 14 years of age or below according to the centers’ aging system, were collected from the Hospital Information System (BESTCare). Subsequently, it was determined whether a senior (R3-R4 residents and above) or a junior (R1-R2 residents and interns) healthcare provider ordered an echocardiogram (ECHO). Finally, using the centers’ imaging system (Xcelera) the exact reason for referral, heart murmurs in the case of this study, was obtained, as well as whether a pathologic cause of a murmur was seen in the ECHO image. By obtaining the aforementioned data, the accuracy of each referral was analyzed using statistical analysis software.
Results
ECHO results were categorized into positive and negative outcomes depending on the presence of a structural heart defect, patent foramen ovale (PFO) was considered negative as it causes innocent murmurs. The majority of positive results were atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and ventricular septal defects. The majority of negative results were either a structurally normal heart or PFO, which a great number of providers ordered an ECHO for. The Pearson score p-value using the chi-square test was 0.432, leading to the conclusion that junior and senior providers had a similar accuracy of referrals during the study period.
Conclusions
Junior healthcare providers display sufficient knowledge of heart murmur auscultation skills similar to senior healthcare providers during the study period. However, because the data only included two local centers with a limited sample and the absence of further local research on this topic, it is necessary to conduct studies of a larger scope on this topic.