Abstract
A three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) database of statistically planar H-2 - air turbulent premixed flames with an equivalence ratio of 0.7 spanning a large range of Karlovitz number has been utilised to assess the performances of the extrapolation relations, which approximate the stretch rate and curvature dependences of density-weighted displacement speed S-d*. It has been found that the correlation between S-d* and curvature remains negative and a significantly non-linear interrelation between S-d* and stretch rate has been observed for all cases considered here. Thus, an extrapolation relation, which assumes a linear stretch rate dependence of density-weighted displacement speed has been found to be inadequate. However, an alternative extrapolation relation, which assumes a linear curvature dependence of S-d* but allows for a non-linear stretch rate dependence of S-d*, has been found to be more successful in capturing local behaviour of the density-weighted displacement speed. The extrapolation relations, which express S-d* as non-linear functions of either curvature or stretch rate, have been found to capture qualitatively the non-linear curvature and stretch rate dependences of S-d* more satisfactorily than the linear extrapolation relations. However, the improvement comes at the cost of additional tuning parameter. The Markstein lengths L-M for all the extrapolation relations show dependence on the choice of reaction progress variable definition and for some extrapolation relations L-M also varies with the value of reaction progress variable. The predictions of an extrapolation relation which involve solving a non-linear equation in terms of stretch rate have been found to be sensitive to the initial guess value, whereas a high order polynomial-based extrapolation relation may lead to overshoots and undershoots. Thus, a recently proposed extrapolation relation based on the analysis of simple chemistry DNS data, which explicitly accounts for the non-linear curvature dependence of the combined reaction and normal diffusion components of S-d*, has been shown to exhibit promising predictions of S-d* for all cases considered here.