Abstract
Background: Cystatin C is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function. It is freely filtered by glomerulus, and does not return to the blood stream or secreted by renal tubules. It has been suggested to be closer to the "ideal" endogenous marker.
Objectives: To assess the plasma levels of cystatin c, creatinine clearance, blood HbA1C% and body mass index among Sudanese with type 2 Diabetes.
Materials and methods: This is a case-control study conducted in diabetic centers in Khartoum state, Sudan, from March 2010 to November 2013. A total of 300 Sudanese patients with type2 diabetes (49% males and 51% females) as a test group, and 150 healthy subjects (48%males and 52%females) as a control group were enrolled in this study. Both groups were matched for gender and age. The plasma levels of Cystatin C, creatinine and blood HbA1c were measured using Nephelometry technique. Creatinine clearance was calculated for each participant. SPSS was used for analysis of data.
Results: The means of the plasma levels of Cystatin C, HbA1c% and the body mass index (BMI) were significantly raised in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.05).There is significant moderate negative correlation between Cystatin C and creatinine clearance (t=0.69, p=0.015) in the diabetic group, and there is a significant strong positive correlation between the plasma levels of Cystatin C and HbAlc%(r=0.78, p=0.044).
Conclusion: The present data indicates that among Sudanese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, plasma levels of Cystatin C are significantly raised and has a significant strong positive correlation with glycated haemoglobin % and a significant moderate negative correlation with creatinine clearance.