Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular complications are considered as the main cause of mortality in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) includes disorders of the Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) of the heart which is the most frequent cardiac alteration in ESRD. Galectin-3 (GAL-3), a beta-galactoside-binding protein has been proposed to be a new clinical biomarker that reflects cardiac fibrosis in patients with Heart Failure (HF).
Aim: To evaluate the relationship between GAL-3 and biochemical parameters in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) patients with and without LVH.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 45 patients (25 women and 20 men) with ESRD who were categorised as having CVD with (n=12) or without (n=33) LVH. Demographic, biochemical and clinical characteristics of 45 patients were analysed. The relationship of plasma GAL-3 levels was analysed with the biochemical parameters for both the groups of patients. For comparison between groups, Student unpaired t-test was used for the data of normal distribution while Mann-Whitney test was used for data of nonGaussian distribution. Pearson's correlation test was performed to examine various correlations.
Results: Significantly high number (83.3%) of female patients were observed in ESRD with LVH. The groups did not differ significantly in their demographic, and biochemical and clinical parameters. There was significant increase in Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameters (LVEDD), Left Ventricular (LV) mass and LV mass index in patients with LVH as compared to the patients without LVH. The levels of GAL-3 showed slight increase (91 +/- 23.98 ng/mL) levels in LVH patients as compared to the patients without LVH (83.68 +/- 32.8 ng/mL). Exponential positive correlation between serum levels of GAL-3 and creatinine in all ESRD patients (r(2) =0.5488, p=0.0002). GAL-3 also showed positive correlations with urea (r=0.3825, p=0.011) as well as and uric acid (r=0.347, p=0.021) for ESRD patients without LVH. However, GAL-3 showed no association with uric acid and urea (r=0.04487, p=0.896; r=0.2383, p=0.48) in ESRD patients with LVH.
Conclusion: GAL-3 positively correlated to the biochemical parameters in ESRD patients. Patients with LVH only showed positive correlation between GAL-3 and creatinine. Moreover, GAL-3 could not be used as the biomarker because it did not correlate with established diagnostic parameter like LV mass and LV mass index. Hence, in this study GAL-3 is not a potential clinical biomarker for the progression of cardiovascular complications in ESRD patients. Overall, these data reflect the need for further investigation of GAL-3 to HF in patients with ESRD.