Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a disorders having the characteristic features of low Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However; there are several factors affecting the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women as age, menopause, anthropometric measurements and biochemical bone markers.
Objective: This study aims to assess whether there is an association between age, anthropometric measurements, some serum biochemical bone indices (vitamin D, calcium, intact PTH, and magnesium) and bone health. Furthermore, we examine the axial and peripheral BMD.
Design: A cross-sectional study, involving 200 woman (50-82 years), it conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during the year 2015. Anthropometric measurements for each participants were recorded. Calcium, vitamin D, intact PTH, magnesium, alkaline phosphates and cholesterol levels were measured. Lumbar spine (L1L4)), neck (NK), wards (WA), troch (Tr) and total femur (TF) BMD were performed in women by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Results: Women age was 58.83 +/- 5.89 Y, with menopausal age 51.38 +/- 3.44 Y. Body Mass Index (BMI) of participants was 31.48 +/- 5.68 kg/m(2). The serum calcium, magnesium and alkaline phosphates were in normal range reached (2.54 +/- 0.21 mmol/L, 0.79 +/- 0.08 mmol/L and 1.34 +/- 0.17 mmol/L, respectively). Most of participants suffering from deficiency of vitamin D and hyperparathyroidism reached (35.01 +/- 22.08 nmol/L and 8.86 +/- 3.28 pmol/L, respectively). as well as most of them have cholesterol level < 5.2 mmol/L. There was positive significant correlation between age and wait/hip ratio (0.18, p < 0.01). All BMD measure results, revealed negative significant correlation (p<0.001) with age recorded (-0.31, -0.36, -0.39 and -0.40 for L1L4, NK, WA and TF, respectively), except Tr revealed showed positive significant correlation (0.33, p<0.001). As well as, BMD at the five sites measure revealed positive significant correlation (p<0.001) with body mass index (BMI). Also, negative significant correlation between PTH and vitamin D (0.18, p < 0.01) was found.
Conclusion: To prevent osteoporosis the postmenopausal women should have adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D in early ages. Proper nutrition education program should be done, especially during menopause transition and period for increase bone loss.