Abstract
The knowledge of flying insects wing-beat acoustical properties supported the progress of sensing disease vectors mosquitoes in free flight. The classification of individual flying insects species' through wing-beat frequencies and respective harmonics is the principle of frequency spectrum analysis method both in acoustical and optical sensors approaches for disease vectors mosquitoes. Investigations based on acoustic devices, microphones, amplifiers, and recorders have produced extensive scientific contributions to behavioral and biological insects' knowledge. Moreover, the researches based on acoustical approach are accountable for the massive available database on flying insects species and gender classification. However, it was the advent of the optical sensing approach for flying insects detection that allowed sensor devices to become smaller, cheaper, faster, self-triggered, and further reliable and energy efficient. These benefits enabled the state of the art on mosquitoes monitoring to move towards smarter devices that automatically process data and have greater autonomy in inaccessible locations. Consequently, it becomes plausible to break geographic, economic and social boundaries for the flying insects sensing, allowing the ubiquitous monitoring of disease-vector mosquito populations. This paper reviews the related literature on automated electronic approaches for disease vectors mosquitoes monitoring and identifies open issues and opportunities for further researches in expanding scenarios considering new data processing and emerging transmission technologies. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.