Abstract
Background: bone grafting is a surgical procedures that substitutes lost or removed bone from patient's own both a human donor, an animal donor or an artificial substance. Bone grafting is possible because the bone tissue con restore completely if a scaffold is provided for it to grow. Natural hone grows and it generally substitutes the graft material, resulting in a fully integrated region of the new bone. Bone defects in the maxillofacial region can vary from minor periodontal defects to the larger defects resulting from trauma, surgical excision or congenital deformity. Such 3-dimensional defects require careful planning in order to restore the skeletal defects. Aim of the work : this study aimed to detect bone graft material for replacing lost or missing bone. Bone grafting, or transplanting of bone tissue, is beneficial in fixing bones that are damaged by trauma, cancer or congenital deformities. Methodology: we conducted this review by using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE from January 1947 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: autografts, allografts, alloplast, xenografts, osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteogenesis. Result: Keeping satisfactory facial aesthetics is another unique consideration in the treatment of facial defects, which cannot be undervalued. This branch of surgery has come up more recently with advanced surgical technique, and bone grafting has become a regular job for maxillofacial surgeons in the reconstruction of acquired or congenital jaw defect