Abstract
The traditional production system is mainly concerned with economic growth. However, with growing pollution and the rapid depletion of natural resources, there is an urgent need to adopt environmentally conscious manufacturing (ECM) to prioritize the environment alongside society and business. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the barriers that prevent the sustainable implementation of ECM to overcome them better. This research uses interpretive structural modeling to identify and comprehend the contextual interrelationships between barriers to ECM. The identified barriers are categorized and modeled based on their interdependence and driving powers. The findings show that management's lack of understanding of ECM is an essential barrier that leads to a communication gap. Both lead to barriers, such as a less qualified workforce, high taxation, poor policy framing and implementation, poor financial support, and lack of technological upgrades. Thereby, this leads to the poor adoption of remanufacturing, higher costs of sustainable products, and in turn, overconsumption of natural resources. Overcoming these barriers will improve the poor acceptance of ECM, the inadequate legislative framework, and the lack of its implementation. The resulting model provides a deeper understanding of the barriers and enables the better design of coping strategies toward a more sustainable implementation of ECM to its fullest potential.