Abstract
Aim: Diabetic (type-2) is a metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose level from the normal level. In the present study, apigenin (AG) loaded lipid vesicles (bilosomes: BIL) was prepared, optimized and evaluated for the oral therapeutic efficacy.
Experimental: AG-BIL was prepared by a thin-film evaporation method using cholesterol, span 60 and sodium deoxycholate. The prepared formulation was optimized by 3-factor and 3-level Box-Behnken design using particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug release as a response. The selected formulation further evaluated for ex-vivo permeation, in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics study.
Results: The optimized AG bilosomes (AG-BILopt) has shown the vesicle size 183.25 +/- 2.43 nm, entrapment efficiency 81.67 +/- 4.87%. TEM image showed a spherical shape vesicle with sharp boundaries. The drug release study revealed a significant enhancement in AG release (79.45 +/- 4.18%) from AG-BILopt as compared to free AG-dispersion (25.47 +/- 3.64%). The permeation and pharmacokinetic studies result revealed 4.49 times higher flux and 4.67 folds higher AUC(0-t) than free AG-dispersion. The antidiabetic activity results showed significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in therapeutic efficacy than free AG-dispersion. The results also showed marked improvement in biochemical parameters.
Conclusion: Our findings suggested, the prepared apigenin loaded bilosomes was found to be an efficient delivery in the therapeutic efficacy in diabetes. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.