Abstract
Silver nanoparticles synthesis through biological extracts is drawing attention in biology because of their biocompatibility, green approach, and eco-friendly nature. The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using propolis (bee glue) are reported and the immune modulation, antibacterial, and hemolytic toxicity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were explored. The characterization of synthesized silver nanoparticles was performed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared radiation spectroscopy. Silver nanoparticles containing extract revealed a significant effect against the tested bacterial strains. Furthermore, the results revealed that there were low stimulatory effects of the propolis extract on phytohaemagglutinin stimulated rat splenic cells but little more on normal cells. The stimulatory effects decreased with the decrease in the concentration of propolis extract. The extract alone was comparatively safe on red blood cells but the extract containing silver nanoparticles was not, and didn't cause any severe elevation in liver enzymes.