Abstract
The human-pathogenic bacteria have become highly resistant to conventional antibiotics; for this reason, a new biosynthesized nanomaterial might be a solution. The culture filtrate of two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (14, 17) was used in the biosynthesis of nanosilver (AgNPs). The size of the nanoparticles produced by isolate F14 ranged from 19 to 30 nm, whereas the size of those formed via isolate F17 ranged between 16 and 25 nm. Moreover, the produced bio-nanosilver was tested against the human-pathogenic bacteria Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia and the outcome results displayed great antibacterial efficacy in a different manner compared with the three different biogenic antibiotics. Collectively, the results depicted that the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed a three and a half times greater activity than the used antibiotics. Differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to study gene regulation in the treated E. coli (F14) compared with the nontreated ones. Different upregulated and downregulated genes were observed. The cytotoxicity of the produced AgNPs was examined on rats with an average body weight of 200 g each; these animals were grouped into three different groups. The obtained AgNPs showed very low toxicity on the treated rats in comparison to the control group. The physiological parameters, for example, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, creatinine, and urea in the treated animals were changed within to a lower degree compared with those in the nontreated animals. The current study exhibited that AgNPs might be favorable antibacterial agents, especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.