Abstract
•An improved Hindmarsh–Rose model with external electromagnetic radiation and discontinuous exponential flux coupling is introduced.•We propose a two-dimensional network of such Hindmarsh–Rose neurons.•The spatiotemporal patterns of the network in different cases are presented.•The effective factors on the formation of spiral waves are investigated.
Spiral waves are spatiotemporal patterns, observed in complex networks of biological oscillators such as heart and brain. In this paper, at first a modified Hindmarsh–Rose model with external electromagnetic radiation and discontinuous exponential flux coupling is introduced. Then a 2-dimensional network of the proposed model is constructed. The spatiotemporal patterns of the network are investigated in two different cases of periodic and quasi-periodic external magnetic excitations, by varying the external force parameters. As a consequence, the effective factors on the formation and elimination of spiral waves are reported.